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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)

Morphological and molecular characterization of advanced breeding lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sub-tropical irrigated conditions of Jammu region

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8046
Submitted
3 March 2025
Published
06-10-2025 — Updated on 17-10-2025
Versions

Abstract

The present study aimed to characterize thirty advanced breeding lines of rice for yield and yield attributing traits using morphological and molecular markers. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the thirty rice germplasm lines. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of grains per panicle suggesting that this trait is likely governed by additive gene action and can be stabilized through appropriate selection. Number of grains per panicle exhibited the strongest direct positive effect and was significantly correlated with grain yield per plant. The D² statistics grouped the advanced lines of rice into five distinct clusters, with cluster II containing the highest number of lines (16), followed by cluster III (7) and clusters I and IV (3) while, cluster V had a single line. Grain yield per plant had highest contribution to genetic divergence (39.77 %) followed by number of grains per panicle (23.45 %). The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and cluster V (37.14) and cluster II and cluster IV (26.75), suggesting that the lines in these clusters can be used for future breeding programme to develop new cultivars. Out of 24 molecular markers 21 were found to be polymorphic and a total of 54 alleles were identified, ranging from 2-4 alleles per locus with an average of 2.52 alleles. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.224 to 0.677. Among the molecular markers, RM408 amplified the maximum number of 4 alleles while the highest PIC value was observed in RM7102 (0.677). The study effectively differentiated the advanced lines and highlighted their diversification, with cluster analysis revealing similarities and differences among the lines for future breeding programs.

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