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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 12 No. sp3 (2025): Advances in Plant Health Improvement for Sustainable Agriculture

Robotics redefining wheat farming: Bridging efficiency and sustainability

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8322
Submitted
17 March 2025
Published
06-07-2025

Abstract

Automation in wheat cultivation has revolutionized precision, sustainability and overall productivity by integrating advanced robotics and cutting-edge technology. High-clearance robots automate all growth stages by employing adaptive Kalman filters and fuzzy PID controllers for precisely controlled navigation and acquisition of phenotypic data. Swarm robots are cost-effective and exhibit adaptability to varied field conditions challenging traditional economies of scale, enabling smaller farms to achieve competitive production costs. Advances in image processing have overcome the challenges of canopy closure, enabling sub-50 mm accuracy in wheat row tracking, critical for early-growth interventions. Integration of LiDAR, spectral sensors and aerial robotics complements ground-based systems, offering robust data for decision support. Deployment of mobile robots has enhanced precision seeding with accuracy reaching over 93 % while high-throughput phenotyping platforms utilize robotics and machine learning to transform disease resistance assessments, such as Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). Algorithms like DeepLabV3+ have achieved over 96 % accuracy in identifying wheat ears, significantly reducing labour in breeding resistant varieties. The seed screener platform automates the analysis of single wheat kernels, combining RGB imaging and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to evaluate 3D morphological and biochemical traits. The seed screener uses the marching cubes algorithm to extract precise morphological data from 3D visual models. This high-precision, high-throughput platform demonstrates significant potential for commercialisation, providing breeders with an advanced tool to facilitate wheat improvement programmes. These innovations address critical challenges, including phenotypic characterisation, planting uniformity and real-time adaptability, offering transformative solutions for precision agriculture. Automation in wheat cultivation provides a pathway to achieving food security while ensuring sustainability, ushering in a new era in agricultural practices.

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