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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. sp1 (2025): Recent Advances in Agriculture by Young Minds - II

Genetic diversity, agronomic performance and nutritional quality evaluation of rice landraces of different duration groups

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8527
Submitted
26 March 2025
Published
07-10-2025

Abstract

This study was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute to evaluate the genetic diversity, agronomic performance and nutritional quality of 44 rice genotypes, including landraces and improved varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) and observations were recorded on various traits, including yield components and nutrient content. Results revealed substantial genetic variability in yield-related traits, such as productive tillers and filled grains, supporting targeted breeding efforts. High heritability and genetic advance in three characters which suggests the potential for selection-based improvements in certain traits through pedigree breeding, while others may benefit from heterosis breeding strategies. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive association between single plant yield and internode length, number of productive tillers and number of filled grains per panicle. Principal component analysis provided insights into trait importance and relationships. ADT 45 excelled in short duration cropping with high yield and grain quality traits. The landraces Nelsolia and Kerala Sundari showed robust performance in yield-related traits under medium- and long-duration cropping systems, respectively. Nutrient analysis of top rice varieties across durations showed higher iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in brown rice. ADT 45 exhibited elevated Fe and Zn, while Kalarpallai has higher protein content among the short-duration varieties. Nelsolia and Anandhanur Sannam had high nutrient content among the medium-duration varieties. Among the long-duration varieties, Rajora and Tholokattai stood out for their superior levels of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and protein. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into rice genetic diversity, agronomic performance and nutritional quality, informing breeding strategies for improved rice varieties.

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