The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, one of 36 globally recognized hotspots, spanning seven countries across five northeastern Indian states. Though ecologically important, the Indian side of this hotspot is under-explored, particularly concerning insect diversity. The present work deals with the state of Mizoram, where there is more than 84 % forest cover and a conducive tropical climate which support a rich insect fauna. The aim was to collate and assess the available records of Lepidoptera diversity in Mizoram, understand the gaps in knowledge and emphasize the region's contribution to India's general insect biodiversity. Historical literature, museum records and recent surveys from 1890 to 2023 were reviewed. Findings indicate that over 250 species of Lepidoptera have been reported from Mizoram, with 103 being first records and 18 as new species described. Interestingly, the Northeast states of India which including Mizoram has nearly 32.92 % of India's documented Lepidoptera species in an area that only covers around 8 % of the country's land. New ant and beetle species have been found along with butterflies and moths. Nonetheless, much of the state does not remain unexplored due to past insurgencies, rugged terrain and inaccessibility. The results highlight the need for detailed biodiversity documentation in northeastern India and suggest that Mizoram has significant potential for entomological discoveries in the future. The analysis concludes that extensive and systematic surveys are necessary to determine the true insect diversity of under-represented hotspot regions and to yield meaningful benefits for conservation and biogeographical research.
