Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. sp1 (2025): Recent Advances in Agriculture by Young Minds - II

Xylem vessel morphology of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) under drip and surface irrigation using scanning electron microscopy

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.9373
Submitted
8 May 2025
Published
07-10-2025

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the morphological attributes of the root and stem xylem diameter of pigeon pea through scanning electron microscopy to understand its structural and functional characteristics under varying conditions and provide significant insights into the structural variations caused by different irrigation methods.​ Through Scanning electron microscope imaging, distinct differences in vessel architecture, such as size and wall thickness, were observed in root and stem, which may impact water and nutrient transportation efficiency and overall plant health. These variations are vital for understanding how irrigation strategies affect the physiological function and adaptation of pigeon pea, providing crucial information for improving agricultural practices and enhancing crop yield in varying environmental conditions. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing irrigation methods to promote better vascular development in crops, ultimately leading to sustainable agricultural practices. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed distinct differences in xylem vessel structure between drip and surface irrigation of pigeon peas.

References

  1. 1. Marimuthu S, Byrareddy VM, Dhanalakshmi A, Mushtaq S, Surendran U. Strategic cultivar and sowing time selection for weed management and higher redgram productivity in semi-arid Indian regions. Front Environ Sci. 2022;12:1420078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1420078
  2. 2. Purseglove JW. Lablab niger. In: Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons. 1st ed. London: Longman; 1974:273-6.
  3. 3. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Agricultural statistics at a glance. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi; 2023.
  4. 4. Solanki MA, Chalodia AL, Fadadu MH, Dabhi PV. Response of pigeonpea to drip irrigation and mulching. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2019;8(2):91-7. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.011
  5. 5. Jadhav KT, Chavan SK, Raskar R, Lahase RU. Influence of spacing and drip irrigation on yield attributes, productivity and economics of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2018;7(2):3498-506. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.416
  6. 6. Loganathan V, Latha KR. Effect of drip fertigation on nutrient uptake and seed yield of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] under western agroclimatic zones of Tamil Nadu. Legume Res. 2016;39(5):780-5. https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9487
  7. 7. Schreiber SG, Hacke UG, Hamann A. Variation of xylem vessel diameters across a climate gradient: insight from a reciprocal transplant experiment with a widespread boreal tree. Funct Ecol. 2015;29:1392-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12455
  8. 8. Jeyajothi R, Kandeshwari M, Pandiselvi T. Int J Adv Life Sci. 2017;10(2):212-20. https://doi.org/10.26627/IJALS/2017/10.02.0009
  9. 9. Begum S, Islam MDA, Prodhan AKMA. Anatomy of the root of pigeon pea. Pak J Biol Sci. 2003;6(15):1296-303. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.1296.1303
  10. 10. Begum S, Islam MDA, Prodhan AKMA. Anatomy of the stem of pigeon pea. Asian J Plant Sci. 2007;6(2):276-81. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.276.281
  11. 11. Seleiman MFN, Al-Suhaibani N, Ali N, Akmal M, Alotaibi M, Refay Y, et al. Drought stress impacts plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects. Plants. 2021;10(2):259. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020259
  12. 12. Sperry JS. Evolution of water transport and xylem structure. Int J Plant Sci. 2003;164(S3):115-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/368398
  13. 13. Purushothaman R, Zaman-Allah M, Mallikarjuna N, Pannirselvam R, Krishnamurthy L, Gowda CLL. Root anatomical traits and their possible contribution to drought tolerance in grain legumes. Plant Prod Sci. 2013;16(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.16.1
  14. 14. Kumar J, Chawla R, Katiyar D, Chouriya A, Nath D, Sahoo S, et al. Optimizing irrigation and nutrient management in agriculture through artificial intelligence implementation. Int J Environ Clim Change. 2023;13(10):4016-22. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i1010623
  15. 15. Schreiber SG, Hacke UG, Hamann A. Variation of xylem vessel diameters across a climate gradient: insight from a reciprocal transplant experiment with a widespread boreal tree. Funct Ecol. 2015;29:1392-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12455
  16. 16. Cornelis S, Hazak O. Understanding the root xylem plasticity for designing resilient crops. Plant Cell Environ. 2021;45(3):664-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14245
  17. 17. Cuneo IF, Knipfer T, Mandal P, Brodersen CR, McElrone AJ. Water uptake can occur through woody portions of roots and facilitates localized embolism repair in grapevine. New Phytol. 2017;218:506-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15032
  18. 18. Vimalendran L, Latha KR. Effects of drip irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on yield and nutrient use efficiency of long duration pigeonpea. Bangladesh J Bot. 2015;15(5):1101-5.
  19. 19. Wang L, Dai Y, Zhang J, Meng P, Wan X. Xylem structure and hydraulic characteristics of deep roots, shallow roots and branches of walnut under seasonal drought. BMC Plant Biol. 2022;22(1):440. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03815-2
  20. 20. Kim HK, Park J, Hwang I. Investigating water transport through the xylem network in vascular plants. J Exp Bot. 2014;65(7):1895-904. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03815-2
  21. 21. Porter MA, Bidlack JE. Morphology, biomass and vessel diameter of pigeonpea subjected to water stress. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2011;42:2334-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.605491
  22. 22. Yang P, Wu L, Cheng M, Fan J, Li S, Wang H, et al. Review on drip irrigation: impact on crop yield, quality and water productivity in China. Water. 2023;15(9):1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091733

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.