Evaluation of vitamin C of ethno-wild edible plants in Northeast India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1100Keywords:
Ethnic communities, North east India, Wild edible plants, Vitamin CAbstract
Ethnobotany deals with the usage of plants by different ethnic communities throughout the world for various purposes such as food, shelter, clothing, medicine, tools etc. North East India region is a part of eastern Himalayas with rich plant diversity. About 250 ethnic tribes inhabit the region with diverse cultures and traditional practices. Most of the ethnic communities in the region depend on natural resources directly for their daily needs and wild edible plants are one of them as they live in the vicinity of forests. This study deals with 20 wild edible plants, traditionally used by indigenous people. 18 genera belonging to 15 families with 3 species represented by family Lamiaceae. Different parts of plants are traditionally consumed as vegetables, of which 19 species represented with leaves as edible part. Berry, petiole and rootstalk constitute other edible parts. Most of the plant species were found to be rich source of vitamin C. Vitamin C content ranges from 6.24±0.34 mg to 79.91±1.52 mg/100 g fresh weight and maximum was recorded in Alocasia indica (leaves) and Oxalis corniculata and the least in Tamarindus indica. The findings indicated that these ethno-botanicals can be grown in homestead as sources of vitamin C in regular diet.
Downloads
References
Mao AA, Roy DK. Ethnobotanical studies in North East India: A Review. In: Jain AK, editor. Indian Ethnobotany: Emerging Trends. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers (India); 2016. p.99-112.
Schultes RE. Ethnobotany and technology in northwest Amazon: A partnership. Pages 7-13 In: Plotkin, MJ, Famolare, LM, (eds). Sustainable Harvest and Marketing of Rain Forest Products. Washington DC: Island Press;1992.p.7-13.
Khan ML, Arunachalam A, Barbhuiya AR. Web-GIS Digital Atlas of the Sacred Groves of the North-East India: Pilot study with Sacred Groves of Arunachal Pradesh. Sanction No. DSIR/Web/TIF026/2004-2005): 2004. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Technical Report.
Medhi P, Borthakur SK. Sacred groves and sacred plants of the Dimasas of North Cachar Hills of Northeast India. African J Plant Sci. 2013;7:67-77. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS12.038
Devi OA, Das M, Saikia A, Das P. Ascorbic acid and tocopherol content of ten medicinal plant extracts of Manipur having anti-inflammatory properties. Int J Home Sci. 2016;2(1):308-12.
Singh B, Sinha BK, Singh VN, Hynniewta TM. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata: 2007. Meghalaya ke Pavan Van (Sacred groves): Ek Vigyanic Aadhdhyan Vanaspati Vaani.
Government of Sikkim. Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management Department. Sacred Groves of Sikkim. The Department, 2011.
Upadhyay KK, Japang B, Singh SS, Tripathi SK. Status and socio-ecological dimensions of sacred groves in Northeast India. J Appl Nat Sci. 2019;11(3):590-95. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2121
Beluhan S, Ranogajec A. Chemical composition and non-volatile components of Croatian wild edible mushrooms. Food Chemistry. 2010;124:1435-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.081
Hazarika TK, Pongener M. Potential wild edible fruits of Nagaland, North-east India and its significance in the livelihood and nutritional security of rural, indigenous people, Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2018;65:99-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-017-0523-3
Pfoze NL, Kehie M, Kayang H, Mao AA. Estimation of ethnobotanical plants of the Naga of North East India. J Med Pl Studs. 2014;2(3):92-104.
Laha R, Lalhriatpuia, Lalmuanpuii R, Ralte L, Lalremruata PC. Diversity and ethnobotanical uses of wild edible fruits in Mizoram, Northeast India. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2018;8(2):132-42.
Chanda M, Pal I, Majumder S, Datta P. Assessment of traditionally used wild edible plants and its impact on health and livelihood among the ethnic communities of Tripura. Asian J Agr Hort Res. 2018;2(3):1-13. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAHR/2018/44724
Bharali P, Sharma CL, Singh B, Sharma M. Ethnobotanical studies of spice and condiment plant used by some communities of Assam. Int J Adv Sci Res. 2017;3(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v3i1.3843
Brahma S, Narzary H, Basumatary S. Wild edible fruits of Kokrajhar districts of Assam, Northeast India. Asian J Plant Sci Res. 2013;3(6): 95-100.
Saikia M. Wild edible fruits consumed by people of Upper Assam, NE India. World J Pharm Sci. 2015;3(6):1138-44.
Ao T, Deb CR, Khruomo N. Wild edible Mushrooms of Nagaland: A potential food resource. J Exp Bio Agr Sci. 2016;4(1):60-65. https://doi.org/10.18006/2015.4(1).59.65
Kalita K, Bezbaroa RN, Kumar R & Pandey S. Documentation of wild edible mushrooms from Meghalaya, Northeast India. Cur Res Environ Appl Mycol. 2016;6(4):238-47. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/6/4/1
Saha D, Sundriyal M, Sundriyal RC. Diversity of food composition and nutritive analysis of edible plants in a muti-ethnic tribal land, Northeast India: an important facet for food supply. Indian J Trad Knowl. 2014;13(4):698-705.
Dutta G, Baruah G, Devi A. Wild food plants of Mishing tribe: An ethnobotanical survey. Trop Pl Res. 2016;3(1):221-23.
Pfoze NL, Kumar Y, Sheikh N, Myrboh B. Assessment of local dependency on selected wild edible plants and fruits from Senapati district, Manipur, Northeast India. Ethnobot Res App. 2012; 10: 357-67. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.10.0.357-367
Devi AK, Khan ML, Tripathi RS. Sacred groves of Manipur, Northeast India: biodiversity value, status and strategies for their conservation. Biodiversity Conservation. 2005;14:1541-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-0530-5
Panmei R, Gajurel PR, Singh B. Ethnobotany and Nutritional values of some selected wild edible plants used by Rongmei tribe of Manipur Northeast India. Int J Appl Bio Pharm Tech. 2016;7(4):1-7.
Kalita P, Tag H, Sarma HN, Das AK. Evaluation of nutritional potential of five unexplored wild edible food plants from Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot region (India). Int J Nutr Food Engg. 2014;8(3):215-18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1091224
Chandra KS, Gogoi D, Gautum KH, Handique AK. Nutritive values of some non-conventional leafy vegetables and scarcity food plants of north east India. African J Food Sci. 2016;10(1): 340-43. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS2016.1427
Terangpi R, Basumatary R, Teron R. Nutritional consideration of three important emergency food plants studied among Karbi tribe of North east India. J Sci Inn Res. 2015; 4(3):138-41.
Narzary H, Swargiary A, Basumatary S. Proximate and vitamin C analysis of wild edible plants consumed by Bodos of Assam, India. J Mol Pathophysiol. 2015;4(4):128-33. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmp.20151111030040
Demel T, Abeje E. Status of indigenous fruits in Ethiopia, In: Chikamai B, EyogMatig O, Mbogga, (ed). Review and appraisal on the status of indigenous fruits in Eastern Africa, IPGRI-SAFORGEN, AFREA/FORNESSA
Ranganna S. A handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetable products. Delhi: Tata McGrow Hill Education Pvt Ltd;1986.
Singh MK, Paul J, De T, Chakraborti T. Bioactivity guided fractionation of Moringa oleifera Lam. flower targeting Leishmantadonovani. Indian J Exp Biol. 2015;53:747-53.
Nishikimi M, Fukuyama R, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Yagi K. Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in man. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:13685-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36884-9
Patil SH, Sreenivas SA, Deshmukh PV, Srikanth M, Choudhury A, Wagh AE, Anthelminthic activity of Alocasia indica Schott. root stocks. Int J Drug Dev Res.2012;4 (4):211-14.
Basu S, Das M, Sen A, Choudhury UR, Datta G. Analysis of complete nutritional profile and identification of bioactive components present in Alocasia indica tuber cultivated in Howrah District of West Bengal, India. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014;7(1):527-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60285-6
Banerjee A, Datta JK, Mondal NK. Biochemical changes in leaves of mustard under the influence of different fertilizers and cycocel. J Agri Tech. 2012;8(4):1397-1411.
Ercisli S, Orhan E. Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (M. nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chem. 2007;103(4):1380-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.054
Hayashi K, Kamiya M, Hayashi T. Virucidal effects of the steam distillate from Houttuynia cordata and its components on HSV-1, influenza virus and HIV. Planta Medica.1995;61(3):237-41. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958063
Woranam K, Senawong G, Utaiwat S, Yunchalard S, Sattayasai J, Senawong T. Anti-inflammatory activity of the dietary supplement Houttuynia cordata fermentation product in RAW264.7 cells and Wistar rats. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230645
Wang JH, Bose S, Shin NR, Chin YW, Choi YH, Kim H. Pharmaceutical impact of Houttuynia cordata and metformin combination on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders: link to intestinal microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:620. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00620
Khongsai M, Saikia SP, Kayang H. Ethnomedicinal plants used by different tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2011;10(3):541-46.
Devi OA, Das M, Saikia A, Das P. Ascorbic acid and tocopherol content of ten medicinal plant extracts of Manipur having anti-inflammatory properties. Int J Home Sci. 2016;2(1):308-12. https://doi.org/10.22271/23957476
Preetha TS, Anju S, Anikumar S, Mini I. Nutritional analysis of selected species of Alternanthera Forsskal (Amaranthaceae). Indian J Exp Biol. 2018 (5):48-53.
Khankhane P J, Kumar S, Bisen, H S. Heavy metal extracting potential of common aquatic weeds. Indian J Weed Sci. 2014; 46(4):361-63.
Nadkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica. Popular Prakashan, Bombay. 1976;1:1142. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.6018.1142
Sena LPV, Anderjagt DJ, Rivera CT, Sin AT, Muhamadu I et al. Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1998;52(1):17-30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008010009170
Sarker U, Oba S. Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports. 2019;9: 20413. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5
Akubugwo IE, Obasi AN, Ginika SC. Nutritional potential of the leaves and seeds of black nightshade- Solanum nigrum L. var virginicum from Afikpo-Nigeria. Pakistan J Nutri. 2007;6(4): https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2007.323.326
Kotoky J, Gupta B D, Deka N. Pharmacological studies of Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp., a potent hypotensive plant. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005;49 (3):289-96.
Ajay S, Rahul S, Sumit G et al. Comprehensive review: Murraya koenigii Linn. Asian J Pharm Life Sci. 2011;1:417-25.
Uraku AJ, Nwankw VO. Phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis of Murraya koenigii Linn. leaves. British J Pharm Res. 2015;6(3):174-80. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2015/15595
Dangol. Traditional uses of plants of commonland habitats in western Chitwan, Nepal. J Inst Agri Anim Sci. 2008;29:71-78.
Samuelsen AB. The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1-2):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00212-9
Joshi DN, Sah BCL, Suri RK. Some medicinal plants of Rudranath Bugyal, Chamoli, U P. Bulletin Medico-ethno-bot Res. 1982;3:27-42.
Jain SK. Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany. New Delhi: Deep Publications; 1991.
Saklani A, Jain SK. Ethnobotanical observations on plants used in northeastern India. Int J Crude Drug Res. 1989;27:65-73. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880208909053940
Fazal U. Preliminary clinical study of the treatment of Kasrat-e-Tams (menorrhigie) with tukhm-e-bartang (Plantago major Linn.). J Res Indian Med Yoga Homeopathy.1979;14:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00212-9
Kapur SK. Medico-botanic survey of medicinal and aromatic plants of Mawphlang (Shillong). Indian Drugs. 1983;21:1-5.
Rao RR, Jamir NS. Ethnobotanical studies in Nagaland. I. Medicinal plants. Economic Botany. 1982;36:176-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858714
Rao RR. Ethnobotany of Meghalaya: medicinal plants used by Khasi and Garo tribes. Economic Botany. 1981;35:4-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859208
Tiwari KC, Majumder R, Bhattacharjee S. Folklore medicines from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (District Tirap). Int J Crude Drug Res. 1979;17:61-67. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880207909067450
Emmy DC, Kate?ina H, Patrick VD. Tamarindus indica L.: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Afrika Focus. 2010;23(1):53-83. https://doi.org/10.21825/af.v23i1.5039
Prakash OM, Chandra M, Pant AK, Rawat D S. Mint (Mentha spicata L.) oils In: Preedy RV (ed). Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, San Diego, Academic Press; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00064-X
Siemonsma J, Piluek K. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Indonesia, Bogor;1994.
Singha HR, Singha S, Singha RK. Comparative cytological and fruit biochemical studies in two populations of Solanum torvum Sw. an ethnobotanical species of Northeast India. Taiwania. 2018;63(2):1010-105. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2018.63.101
Mahanta S, Sarma R, Khaniker B. The essential oil of Lippia alba Mill. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) as mosquitocidal and repellent agent against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedesa egypti Linn. (Diptera: Culicidae). J Bas Appl Zool. 2019;80(64):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-019-0132-0
Pascaul E, Karla S, Carretero E, Villar A. Antiulcerogenic activity of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae). Farmaco. 2001;56(5-7):501-04. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01086-2
Caceres AA, lvarez AV, Ovando AE, Samayoa BE. Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of respiratory diseases screening of 68 plants against Gram-positive bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991;31:193-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90005-X
Adjatin A, Dansi A, Badoussi E, Sanoussi AF. Proximate, mineral and vitamin C composition of vegetable Gbolo [Crassocephalum rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S Moore and C. crepidioides (Benth.) S Moore] in Benin. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2013;7(1):319-31. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v7i1.27
Sinha B, Controlling COVID-19: Learnings from the Northeast India, Development Review. Retrieved from https://idronline.org/controlling-covid-19-learnings-from-the-northeast/(2020)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Khonamai Sewa Nakhuru, Adani Lokho, Mridusmita Barman, Jayshree Das, Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).