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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)

Sustainable remediation of agricultural soils: Mitigating heavy metal toxicity through targeted soil amendments: A review

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.10648
Submitted
14 July 2025
Published
25-06-2026 — Updated on 31-07-2026
Versions

Abstract

Heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in agricultural soils presents a significant ecological challenge, arising from natural processes and human activities. These toxic metals, such as chromium, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, copper and manganese, are uptaken by plants and bioaccumulate in different parts, resulting in phytotoxic symptoms. This would create malfunctioning of the growth, physiology and biochemistry of plants, ultimately endangering environmental health and food security. Several methodologies have been used to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in terrestrial ecosystems. Among them, the use of soil amendments is significant when considering the eco-friendly and sustainable aspect. Therefore, considering these aspects, this comprehensive review evaluates the soil amendments categorised under organic and inorganic, with heavy metal immobilisation potential. This investigates their immobilisation efficiency, underlying mechanisms and practical uses, considering factors such as the type of heavy metal and soil properties. Additionally, the review expects to give a broader knowledge of the origins of heavy metal contamination, plants’ uptake of heavy metals and the phytotoxic symptoms of plants after metal absorption. By synthesising current knowledge, the review highlights the most effective amendment strategies for different soil and heavy metal contexts, identifies key knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to promote sustainable remediation practices and safeguard global food security.

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