Anti-vibrio effects of the precious Tibetan pill, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo (RDRC)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1225Keywords:
Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo, antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, MBCAbstract
Tibetan precious pills are an integral part of TTM (Traditional Tibetan Medicine). Among them, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo (RDRC) has been named “King of Precious Pills” due to its efficacy in treating a multitude of human disorders. RDRC has a complex formulation with about 140 ingredients, mostly from medicinal plants and a few precious stones and metals. Not many studies have been done on the experimental validation of antimicrobial properties of this important pill. The current study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of RDRC. Both aqueous and chloroform extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential against a total of seven different bacterial species, which are pathogenic, including three species of Vibrio, viz. V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi using the well-diffusion method and also by assessing MIC and MBC values. Its antifungal potential was also studied against two fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Talaromyces islandicus. It was found that the chloroform extract of RDRC exerted a positive antibacterial effect on all the Vibrio species tested, and the least MIC of 3.33 mg/ml was observed for V. parahaemolyticus. This is the first study of its kind on the anti-Vibrio effect of the Tibetan precious pill, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo.
Downloads
References
Dakpa T. Unique aspect of Tibetan medicine. Acupuncture and Electro-therapeutics Research. 2014 Mar 1;39(1):27-43. https://doi.org/10.3727/036012914X13966138791145
Loizzo JJ, Blackhall LJ, Rapgay L. Tibetan medicine. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009 Aug 1;1172(1):218. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1393.008
Luo H, Zhong G, Yue L, Wang Q, Ma L, Luobu Z. Traditional Tibetan medicine in China: A systematic overview of randomized clinical trials. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2015 Oct 1;7(5):450-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2015.05.001
Kloos S. The recognition of Sowa Rigpa in India. Medicine Anthropology Theory. 2016 Sep 13;3(2):19-49. https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.3.2.351
Bauer-Wu S, Lhundup T, Tidwell T, Lhadon T, Ozawa-de Silva C, Dolma J, Dorjee P, Neshar DR, Sangmo R, Yeshi T. Tibetan medicine for cancer: An overview and review of case studies. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2014 Nov 13(6):502-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735414549624
Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo. Tibetan Medical and Astro-science Institute [Website][cited 2021 May 10]. Available from: https://men-tsee-khang.org/medicine/rinchen-pills/drangjor.htm
Gerke B. The social life of tsotel: processing mercury in contemporary Tibetan medicine. Asian Medicine. 2013 Sep 17;8(1):120-52. https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341287
Collins D. Book Review: Manufacturing Tibetan Medicine: The Creation of an Industry and the Moral Economy of Tibetanness. International Journal of Asian Studies. 2015;12(1):120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479591414000308
De Castro ML, Garc?a-Ayuso LE. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1998 Aug 10;369(1-2):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00233-5
Jaradat N, Hussen F, Al Ali A. Preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of total flavonoids, total phenols and antioxidant activity of Ephedra alata Decne. J Mater Environ Sci. 2015;6(6):1771-78.
Naeem I, Saddiqe Z, Patel AV, Hellio C. Flavonoid analysis and antibacterial activity of extracts of Hypericum perforatum. Asian J Chem. 2010;22:3596-600.
Magaldi S, Mata-Essayag S, De Capriles CH, Perez C, Colella MT, Olaizola C, Ontiveros Y. Well diffusion for antifungal susceptibility testing. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2004 Jan 1;8(1):39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2003.03.002
Nakaguchi Y. Contamination with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its virulent strains in seafood marketed in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia from 2008 to 2011. Tropical Medicine and Health. 2013:2011-06. https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2011-06
Letchumanan, V., Yin, W. F., Lee, L. H., Chan, K. G. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail shrimps in Malaysia. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:33. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00033
Bonnin-Jusserand M, Copin S, Le Bris C, Brauge T, Gay M, Brisabois A, Grard T, Midelet-Bourdin G. Vibrio species involved in seafood-borne outbreaks (Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus): review of microbiological versus recent molecular detection methods in seafood products. Critical Reviews in Food science and Nutrition. 2019 Feb 21;59(4):597-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1384715
Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, Jones JL, Griffin PM. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—major pathogens. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2011 Jan;17(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701.P11101
Nair GB, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK, Dutta B, Takeda Y, Sack DA. Global dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3: K6 and its serovariants. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2007 Jan 1;20(1):39-48. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00025-06
Silva YJ, Costa L, Pereira C, Mateus C, Cunha A, Calado R, Gomes NC, Pardo MA, Hernandez I, Almeida A. Phage therapy as an approach to prevent Vibrio anguillarum infections in fish larvae production. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 2;9(12):114197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114197
Chandrakala N, Ganesh PS, Prabakaran M, Thangamathi P, Aruljothi R, Bharathidasan R. Comparative study on the anti-Vibrio activity of vibrio species isolated from Penaeus monodon, sillago sihama against spices. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences. 2013 Nov 42(7):934-36.
Todd EC. Preliminary estimates of costs of foodborne disease in the United States. Journal of Food Protection. 1989 Aug;52(8):595-601. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-52.8.595
Kramer JM, Gilbert RJ, Doyle MP. Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. by MP Doyle, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel. 1989:22-70.
Jackson JK, Murphree RL, Tamplin ML. Evidence that mortality from Vibrio vulnificus infection results from single strains among heterogeneous populations in shellfish. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1997 Aug 1;35(8):2098-01. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.8.2098-2101.1997
Igbinosa EO, Idemudia OG. Anti-vibrio potentials of acetone and aqueous leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016;15(4):743-50. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i4.11
Nealson KH, Hastings JW. Quorum sensing on a global scale: massive numbers of bioluminescent bacteria make milky seas. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006 Apr 1;72(4):2295-97. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2295-2297.2006
Vezzulli L, Previati M, Pruzzo C, Marchese A, Bourne DG, Cerrano C, Vibrio Sea Consortium. Vibrio infections triggering mass mortality events in a warming Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Microbiology. 2010 Jul;12(7):2007-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02209.x
Pavia AT, Bryan JA, Maher KL, Hester Jr TR, Farmer III JJ. Vibrio carchariae infection after a shark bite. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1989 Jul 1;111(1):85-86. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-1-85
Vaseeharan B, Ramasamy P, Chen JC. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) synthesized by tea leaf extracts against pathogenic Vibrio harveyi and its protective efficacy on juvenile Fenneropenaeus indicus. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2010 Apr;50(4):352-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02799.x
Bahabadi MN, Delavar FH, Mirbakhsh M, Niknam K, Johari SA. Assessment of antibacterial activity of two different sizes of colloidal silver nanoparticles (cAgNPs) against Vibrio harveyi isolated from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture International. 2017 Feb 1;25(1):463-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0043-8
Bag PK, Roy N, Acharyya S, Saha DR, Koley H, Sarkar P, Bhowmik P. In vivo fluid accumulation-inhibitory, anti colonization, anti-inflammatory and in vitro biofilm -inhibitory activities of methyl gallate isolated from Terminalia chebula against fluoroquinolones resistant Vibrio cholerae. Microb Pathog. 2019 Mar 128:41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.037
Boo HO, Park JH, Woo SH, Park HY. Antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extract from different parts of Phytolacca americana L. 2015 Sep 30;60(3):366–73. https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2015.60.3.366
Nu TT, Htun AA, Ngwe DH, Htay MM. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and isolation of some organic constituents from seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (ZADEIK-PO). J Myanmar Acad Arts Sci. 2020 Jul;18:293-301.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Suma Sarojini, Sonam Dhargyal, Indhu Philip, Soma Biswas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
