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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp5 (2026): Recent Advances in Agriculture

Sustainable vegetable production through smart farming: Innovative technologies and practices: Review article

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.12430
Submitted
4 November 2025
Published
01-07-2026

Abstract

Smart farming is rapidly redefining agricultural practices by integrating modern technologies into conventional systems. In vegetable crop cultivation, these innovations offer context-specific solutions to improve productivity, resource-use efficiency and climate resilience. However, despite their proven potential, the adoption of smart farming in developing countries remains limited due to persistent infrastructural constraints, high initial investment costs, inadequate technical capacity, fragmented institutional support and policy gaps that hinder technology accessibility and scalability. Addressing these interconnected barriers forms the central problem addressed in this review. In contrast to studies that mainly address individual technologies or specific production systems, this review presents a comprehensive synthesis of smart farming applications across diverse vegetable cultivation systems, including greenhouse production, hydroponics, aeroponics, vertical farming and disease forecasting models. It uniquely integrates technological, socio-economic, infrastructural and policy perspectives to provide a holistic understanding of adoption challenges and opportunities. The study is organised into several key sections: it begins with an introduction to the relevance of smart farming, followed by a description of the review methodology. The core sections discuss available smart technologies and their practical applications in vegetable cultivation. Subsequent sections explore the ethical, environmental and socio-economic implications of these technologies, as well as the challenges hindering widespread adoption. The review concludes by identifying key research gaps and proposing future directions to support inclusive, scalable and sustainable implementation of smart farming practices.

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