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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp4 (2026): National Symposium on Recent Advances in Life Sciences

Pharmacognostic and bioefficacy analysis of crude extracts and biosynthesised nanoparticles from Chenopodium murale L.

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.12861
Submitted
22 November 2025
Published
19-06-2026

Abstract

The present study investigates the pharmacognostic characteristics, physicochemical parameters, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity and plant-based synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparicles (Zn-O-NPs) and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-O-NPs) using sequential Soxhlet extracts of Chenopodium murale L. Microscopic fluorescence analysis exhibited distinct colour emissions under UV light, supporting the authentication and purity of the plant material. Physicochemical evaluation revealed total ash (26.05 % in stem), acid-insoluble ash (21.62 % in roots) and moisture content (75.62 % in leaves) within World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits, indicating acceptable quality standards. Phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides and tannins, with higher abundance in the ethanolic leaf extract. The plant-based synthesis of Zn-O-NPs and Fe-O-NPs showed characteristic UV–Visible absorption peaks at 353 nm and 311 nm, respectively. Particle size analysis indicated average diameters of 190 nm for Zn-O-NPs and 189 nm for Fe-O-NPs, while FE-SEM and TEM analyses confirmed predominantly spherical morphology. The in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that the ethanolic leaf extract exhibited notable metal chelating ability, ferric reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, achieving 76.28 %, 73.84 % and 67.08 % inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the biosynthesized nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy, producing maximum inhibition zones of 34 mm and 36 mm, respectively, surpassing the activity of crude extracts. Overall, the findings highlight C. murale as a promising natural source for eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis and a potential candidate for developing therapeutic agents against oxidative stress and microbial infections.

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