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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)

Exploring the potential of Quercus in Morocco: Distribution, applications, gaps and future directions

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.13222
Submitted
10 February 2026
Published
24-09-2026 — Updated on 30-09-2026
Versions

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly affecting ecosystem stability and food security in Morocco, highlighting the need to better understand and utilise resilient forest resources. In this context, Quercus species stand out for their wide distribution, adaptability and multiple uses. This review synthesises current knowledge on their distribution, phytochemical composition and potential applications, while identifying key research gaps and perspectives. Quercus ilex L. dominates approximately 23.5 % of Moroccan forests, reflecting its high adaptability, while Quercus suber L. covers about 7 % and retains economic importance due to cork production. However, fragmented and outdated distribution data limit the
effectiveness of ecosystem monitoring and management strategies. Phytochemical studies reveal considerable variability in total polyphenol content (TPC), with values for the most studied species (Q. ilex, Q. suber and Quercus coccifera L.) acorns ranging 2.39–450 mg GAE/g depending on origin and climate. In contrast, relatively similar TPC values reported for leaves across different origins and climatic conditions suggest a potential effect of genetic stability. Bark contains the highest number of identified phenolic compounds (38 compounds), followed by acorns (32 compounds), leaves (25 compounds) and wood (13 compounds), reflecting their functional roles. Despite this potential, several species remain
understudied (Quercus faginea Lam., Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus lusitanica Lam.) and the translation of these resources into practical applications remains limited. Overall, this review highlights the strong influence of environmental and genetic factors on phenolic variability as well as the imbalance in research efforts. It advocates for a more integrated approach combining ecological, biochemical and ethnobotanical perspectives to support the sustainable use of Quercus species in Morocco.

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