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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp2 (2026): Recent Advances in Agriculture

Root architecture in crops: Functions and implications for efficient water mining

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.13903
Submitted
29 January 2026
Published
20-06-2026

Abstract

Root system architecture (RSA) plays a fundamental role in determining crop performance under water-limited conditions by regulating soil water uptake efficiency and plant adaptation. Key traits, such as root depth, growth angle, branching patterns and hydraulic characteristics, influence the spatial distribution and functional capacity of roots to access moisture within heterogeneous soil environments. This review integrates recent developments in root structural organisation and RSA, highlighting their functional and mechanistic contribution to effective water mining in plants in general and in drought conditions in particular. This highlights the integration of anatomical traits with physiological processes, including root hydraulic conductance and aquaporin-assisted water movement, as well as genetic control governed by key regulators and associated transcription factors. Despite significant advances, challenges remain in translating RSA traits into effective field-level water uptake and in improving crop productivity. Efficient water mining requires integrated root architectural, physiological and genetic traits to improve crop performance under drought conditions.

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