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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp2 (2026): Recent Advances in Agriculture

Wax coating technology for post-harvest quality preservation in vegetable: Mechanisms, applications and advances

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.14044
Submitted
8 February 2026
Published
17-06-2026

Abstract

Post-harvest losses in fresh vegetables significantly affect quality, shelf life and market value, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where high temperature and humidity accelerate deterioration. Wax coating has emerged as a simple, economical and effective post-harvest technology for extending the storage life of vegetables. Fresh vegetables naturally possess a thin epicuticular wax layer that regulates transpiration and respiration; however, this protective barrier is often reduced during harvesting, washing, grading and handling operations. The application of edible wax coatings helps restore this protective layer by forming a semi-permeable film on the surface of the produce. This coating reduces physiological loss in weight by minimising moisture loss, delays respiration and senescence, maintains firmness and improves gloss and appearance, thereby enhancing market acceptability. Various food-grade waxes such as shellac, carnauba wax, paraffin wax, polyethylene wax and blended wax emulsions are widely used, either individually or in combination, depending on the commodity and storage conditions. The effectiveness of wax coating depends on wax type, concentration and application methods such as dipping, spraying, foam application, flooding and roller brushing. Optimal coating concentration is essential because excessive coating may restrict gas exchange and lead to anaerobic respiration and off-flavour development. Recent advances include biodegradable coatings, composite edible films and nano-based coatings with improved barrier and antimicrobial properties. Future research should emphasise eco-friendly, residue-free coatings and commodity-specific formulations. Overall, wax coating is an efficient post-harvest strategy for reducing losses, extending shelf life and improving the quality and marketability of fresh vegetables.

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