Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp5 (2026): Recent Advances in Agriculture

Impact of high day and night temperatures on major food crops: A comprehensive review

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.14740
Submitted
27 March 2026
Published
30-09-2026

Abstract

Understanding plant responses to both day and night heat is essential for developing climate smart agriculture systems to sustain global food production. High daytime (> 35 °C) and nighttime (> 25 °C) temperatures are increasingly threatening global food production. Major crops such as rice, wheat, maize, soybean and barley are especially vulnerable during flowering and grain filling. However, the distinct and combined effects of day versus night heat on crop performance remain underexplored in a comparative manner. This review synthesises findings from recent physiological, biochemical and molecular studies on heat stress responses in staple food crops. It compares the impacts of high day temperature and high night temperature on photosynthesis, respiration, reproductive development, oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, grain yield and quality. Data from field experiments, controlled environment studies and meta-analyses are integrated. Daytime heat impairs photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, while nighttime heat increases respiration rates, depletes carbohydrate reserves and disrupts nutrient partitioning. Both conditions reduce pollen viability and spikelet fertility, causing yield losses of 5–40 % depending on the crop and growth stage. Heat stress triggers reactive oxygen species accumulation, leading to cellular damage and membrane lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) provide only partial protection under prolonged heat. Crop-specific vulnerabilities include grain chalkiness in rice, reduced kernel weight in maize and impaired nodulation in legumes. Breeding tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) and agronomic practices like adjusted sowing dates and optimised irrigation help mitigate these effects. This review uniquely compares daytime and nighttime heat effects across multiple staple crops, integrating physiological, molecular and agronomic perspectives with quantitative yield data.

References

  1. 1. Forster PM, Walsh T, Smith C, Lamb WF, Lamboll R, Cassou C, et al. Indicators of Global Climate Change 2025: Annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence. Earth Syst Sci Data. 2026;18(6):3889–933. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3889-2026
  2. 2. Simpson B. Extreme heat and agriculture. FAO-WMO Joint Report. 2026.
  3. 3. Janni M, Maestri E, Gullì M, Marmiroli M, Marmiroli N. Plant responses to climate change, how global warming may impact on food security: A critical review. Front Plant Sci. 2024;14:1297569. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1297569
  4. 4. Xu J, Henry A, Sreenivasulu N. Rice yield formation under high day and night temperatures: A prerequisite to ensure future food security. Plant Cell Environ. 2020;43(7):1595–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13748
  5. 5. Liu J, Feng L, Li J, He Z. Genetic and epigenetic control of plant heat responses. Front Plant Sci. 2015;6:267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00267
  6. 6. Resentini F, Orozco-Arroyo G, Cucinotta M, Mendes MA. The impact of heat stress in plant reproduction. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14:1271644. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1271644
  7. 7. Sun L, Wen J, Peng H, Yao Y, Hu Z, Ni Z, et al. The genetic and molecular basis for improving heat stress tolerance in wheat. aBIOTECH. 2022;3(1):25–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-021-00064-z
  8. 8. Ur Rehman SG, Muhammad Kazim Ali, Abid Azhar, Haneef. Antioxidant defence system and oxidative damages in rice seedlings under heat stress. Pure Appl Biol. 2021;5(4):1131–41.
  9. 9. Driedonks N, Rieu I, Vriezen WH. Breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant Reprod. 2016;29(1–2):67–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-016-0275-9
  10. 10. Semwal VK, Khanna-Chopra R. Enhanced oxidative stress, damage and inadequate antioxidant defense contributes towards insufficient recovery in water deficit stress and heat stress combination compared to either stresses alone in Chenopodium album (Bathua). Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2020;26(7):1331–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00821-2
  11. 11. Li G, Chen T, Feng B, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. Respiration, rather than photosynthesis, determines rice yield loss under moderate high-temperature conditions. Front Plant Sci. 2021;12:678653. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.678653
  12. 12. Choukri H, El Haddad N, Aloui K, Hejjaoui K, El-Baouchi A, Smouni A, et al. Effect of high temperature stress during the reproductive stage on grain yield and nutritional quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Front Nutr. 2022;9:857469. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.857469
  13. 13. Narayanan S. Effects of high temperature stress and traits associated with tolerance in wheat. Open Access J Sci. 2018;2(3):177. https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00067
  14. 14. Pastenes C, Horton P. Effect of high temperature on photosynthesis in beans (II. CO₂ assimilation and metabolite contents). Plant Physiol. 1996;112(3):1253–60. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.3.1253
  15. 15. Bernacchi CJ, Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, DeLucia NJ, Ort DR. Short- and long-term warming events on photosynthetic physiology, growth and yields of field grown crops. Biochem J. 2023;480(13):999–1014. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20220433
  16. 16. Chaturvedi AK, Bahuguna RN, Shah D, Pal M, Jagadish SVK. High temperature stress during flowering and grain filling offsets beneficial impact of elevated CO₂ on assimilate partitioning and sink-strength in rice. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):8227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07464-6
  17. 17. Slattery RA, Ort DR. Carbon assimilation in crops at high temperatures. Plant Cell Environ. 2019;42(10):2750–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13572
  18. 18. Fan X, Hu X, Ma Y, Pang Y, Sun J, Hou P. Influence of high temperature and drought stress at jointing stage on crop physiological responses and growth in summer maize plants (Zea mays L.). Front Plant Physiol. 2024;2:1331421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphgy.2024.1331421
  19. 19. Labate CA, Adcock MD, Leegood RC. Effects of temperature on the regulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves of maize and barley. Planta. 1990;181(4):547–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193009
  20. 20. Moore CE, Meacham-Hensold K, Lemonnier P, Slattery RA, Benjamin C, Bernacchi CJ, et al. The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: From enzymes to ecosystems. J Exp Bot. 2021;72(8):2822–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab090
  21. 21. Allakhverdiev SI, Kreslavski VD, Klimov VV, Los DA, Carpentier R, Mohanty P. Heat stress: An overview of molecular responses in photosynthesis. Photosynth Res. 2008;98(1–3):541–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-008-9331-0
  22. 22. Zou M, Yuan L, Zhu S, Liu S, Ge J, Wang C. Effects of heat stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of a heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivar of wucai (Brassica campestris L.). Acta Physiol Plant. 2017;39(1):30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2319-z
  23. 23. Yadav SK, Tiwari YK, Pavan Kumar D, Shanker AK, Jyothi Lakshmi N, Vanaja M, et al. Genotypic variation in physiological traits under high temperature stress in maize. Agric Res. 2016;5(2):119–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-015-0202-6
  24. 24. Han S, Jiang S, Xiong R, Shafique K, Zahid KR, Wang Y. Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: A review. Braz J Biol. 2022;82:e253898. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253898
  25. 25. Awasthi R, Bhandari K, Nayyar H. Temperature stress and redox homeostasis in agricultural crops. Front Environ Sci. 2015;3:11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2015.00011
  26. 26. Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K. Extreme temperature responses, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plants. In: Vahdati K, Leslie C, editors. Abiotic Stress: Plant Responses and Applications in Agriculture. London: IntechOpen; 2013. https://doi.org/10.5772/54833
  27. 27. Dastogeer KMG, Zahan MI, Rhaman MS, Sarker MSA, Chakraborty A. Microbe-mediated thermotolerance in plants and pertinent mechanisms: A meta-analysis and review. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:833566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.833566
  28. 28. Ul Haq S, Khan A, Ali M, Khattak AM, Gai WX, Zhang HX, et al. Heat shock proteins: Dynamic biomolecules to counter plant biotic and abiotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(21):5321. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215321
  29. 29. Kang Y, Lee K, Hoshikawa K, Kang M, Jang S. Molecular bases of heat stress responses in vegetable crops with focusing on heat shock factors and heat shock proteins. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:837152. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.837152
  30. 30. Ahmad M, Imtiaz M, Nawaz MS, Mubeen F, Sarwar Y, Hayat M, et al. Thermotolerant PGPR consortium B3P modulates physio-biochemical and molecular machinery for enhanced heat tolerance in maize during early vegetative growth. Ann Microbiol. 2023;73(1):34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-023-01736-5
  31. 31. Mishra S, Spaccarotella K, Gido J, Samanta I, Chowdhary G. Effects of heat stress on plant-nutrient relations: An update on nutrient uptake, transport and assimilation. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(21):15670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115670
  32. 32. Wu J, Gao T, Hu J, Zhao L, Yu C, Ma F. Research advances in function and regulation mechanisms of plant small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) under environmental stresses. Sci Total Environ. 2022;825:154054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154054
  33. 33. Shekhawat K, Almeida-Trapp M, García-Ramírez GX, Hirt H. Beat the heat: Plant- and microbe-mediated strategies for crop thermotolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 2022;27(8):802–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.008
  34. 34. Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. High temperature susceptibility of sexual reproduction in crop plants. J Exp Bot. 2020;71(2):555–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz426
  35. 35. Agho C, Avni A, Bacu A, Bakery A, Balazadeh S, Baloch F, et al. Integrative approaches to enhance reproductive resilience of crops for climate-proof agriculture. Plant Stress. 2024;15:100704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100704
  36. 36. Chakrabarti B, Aggarwal PK, Singh SD, Nagarajan S, Pathak H. Impact of high temperature on pollen germination and spikelet sterility in rice: Comparison between basmati and non-basmati varieties. Crop Pasture Sci. 2010;61(5):363–8. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP10020
  37. 37. Pressman E, Peet MM, Pharr DM. The effect of heat stress on tomato pollen characteristics is associated with changes in carbohydrate concentration in the developing anthers. Ann Bot. 2002;90(5):631–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf240
  38. 38. Jiang Y, Bueckert RA, Warkentin TD, Davis AR. High temperature effects on in vitro pollen germination and seed set in field pea. Can J Plant Sci. 2018;98(1):71–80. https://doi.org/10.1139/CJPS-2017-0073
  39. 39. Pressman E, Peet MM, Pharr DM. The effect of heat stress on tomato pollen characteristics is associated with changes in carbohydrate concentration in the developing anthers. Ann Bot. 2002;90(5):631–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf240
  40. 40. Osorio EE, Davis AR, Bueckert RA. High temperatures disturb ovule development in field pea (Pisum sativum). Botany. 2022;100(1):47–61. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0078
  41. 41. Zhao C, Liu B, Piao S, Wang X, Lobell DB, Huang Y, et al. Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(35):9326–31. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701762114
  42. 42. Su Q, Rohila JS, Ranganathan S, Karthikeyan R. Rice yield and quality in response to daytime and nighttime temperature increase: A meta-analysis perspective. Sci Total Environ. 2023;898:165256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165256
  43. 43. Yan H, Wang C, Liu K, Tian X. Detrimental effects of heat stress on grain weight and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are aggravated by decreased relative humidity. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11218. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11218
  44. 44. Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Wahid A, Al Masruri MH, Ullah A, Siddique KHM, et al. Impact of climate change on wheat grain composition and quality. J Sci Food Agric. 2023;103(6):2745–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12289
  45. 45. García GA, Dreccer MF, Miralles DJ, Serrago RA. High night temperatures during grain number determination reduce wheat and barley grain yield: A field study. Glob Change Biol. 2015;21(11):4153–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13009
  46. 46. Li M, Liu Y, Pan Y, Zhang X, Xu K, Qu Y, et al. Quantifying high-temperature and drought stress effects on soybean growth and yield in the Western Guanzhong Plain. Atmosphere. 2024;15(4):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040392
  47. 47. Djanaguiraman M, Narayanan S, Erdayani E, Prasad PVV. Effects of high temperature stress during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, lipids and grain yield in wheat. BMC Plant Biol. 2020;20(1):268. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02479-0
  48. 48. Impa SM, Raju B, Hein NT, Sandhu J, Prasad PVV, Walia H, et al. High night temperature effects on wheat and rice: Current status and way forward. Plant Cell Environ. 2021;44(7):2049–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14028
  49. 49. Ochagavía H, Kiss T, Karsai I, Casas AM, Igartua E. Responses of barley to high ambient temperature are modulated by vernalization. Front Plant Sci. 2022;12:776982. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.776982
  50. 50. Bertolino LT, Caine RS, Gray JE. Impact of stomatal density and morphology on water-use efficiency in a changing world. Front Plant Sci. 2019;10:225. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00225
  51. 51. Ozeki K, Miyazawa Y, Sugiura D. Rapid stomatal closure contributes to higher water use efficiency in major C4 compared to C3 Poaceae crops. Plant Physiol. 2022;189(1):188–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac040
  52. 52. Fahad S, Bajwa AA, Nazir U, Anjum SA, Farooq A, Zohaib A, et al. Crop production under drought and heat stress: Plant responses and management options. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:1147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01147
  53. 53. Jensen NB, Ottosen C-O, Zhou R. Exogenous melatonin alters stomatal regulation in tomato seedlings subjected to combined heat and drought stress through mechanisms distinct from ABA signaling. Plants. 2023;12(5):1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051156
  54. 54. Faralli M, Bontempo L, Bianchedi PL, Moser C, Bertamini M, Lawson T, et al. Natural variation in stomatal dynamics drives divergence in heat stress tolerance and contributes to seasonal intrinsic water-use efficiency in Vitis vinifera (subsp. sativa and sylvestris). J Exp Bot. 2022;73(10):3238–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab552
  55. 55. Marchin RM, Backes D, Ossola A, Leishman MR, Tjoelker MG, Ellsworth DS. Extreme heat increases stomatal conductance and drought-induced mortality risk in vulnerable plant species. Glob Change Biol. 2022;28(3):1133–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15976
  56. 56. Malini MK, Karwa S, Priyadarsini P, Kumar P, Nagar S, Kumar M, et al. Abscisic-acid-modulated stomatal conductance governs high-temperature stress tolerance in rice accessions. Agriculture. 2023;13(3):545. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030545
  57. 57. Rathnasamy SA, Kambale R, Elangovan A, Mohanavel W, Shanmugavel P, Ramasamy G, et al. Altering stomatal density for manipulating transpiration and photosynthetic traits in rice through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023;45(5):3801–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45050245
  58. 58. Chua LC, Lau OS. Stomatal development in the changing climate. Development. 2024;151(20). https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202681
  59. 59. Shen HF, Zhao B, Xu JJ, Liang W, Huang WM, Li HH. Effects of heat stress on changes in physiology and anatomy in two cultivars of Rhododendron. S Afr J Bot. 2017;112:338–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.06.018
  60. 60. Giri A, Heckathorn S, Mishra S, Krause C. Heat stress decreases levels of nutrient-uptake and -assimilation proteins in tomato roots. Plants. 2017;6(1):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants6010006
  61. 61. Shi C, Urbina-Malo C, Tian Y, Heinzle J, Kwatcho Kengdo S, Inselsbacher E, et al. Does long-term soil warming affect microbial element limitation? A test by short-term assays of microbial growth responses to labile C, N and P additions. Glob Change Biol. 2023;29(8):2188–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16591
  62. 62. Kracmarova-Farren M, Alexova E, Kodatova A, Mercl F, Szakova J, Tlustos P, et al. Biochar-induced changes in soil microbial communities: A comparison of two feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. Environ Microbiome. 2024;19(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00631-z
  63. 63. Zhao J, Xie X, Jiang Y, Li J, Fu Q, Qiu Y, et al. Effects of simulated warming on soil microbial community diversity and composition across diverse ecosystems. Sci Total Environ. 2024;911:168793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168793
  64. 64. Ahmad M, Imtiaz M, Shoib Nawaz M, Mubeen F, Imran A. What did we learn from current progress in heat stress tolerance in plants? Can microbes be a solution? Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:794782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.794782
  65. 65. Liu L, Lin W, Zhang L, Tang X, Liu Y, Lan S, et al. Changes and correlation between physiological characteristics of Rhododendron simsii and soil microbial communities under heat stress. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:950947. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.950947
  66. 66. Muhammad A, Kong X, Zheng S, Bai N, Li L, Khan MHU, et al. Exploring plant-microbe interactions in adapting to abiotic stress under climate change: A review. Front Plant Sci. 2024;15:1482739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1482739
  67. 67. Heinze J, Gensch S, Weber E, Joshi J. Soil temperature modifies effects of soil biota on plant growth. J Plant Ecol. 2017;10(5):808–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtw097
  68. 68. Yang L, Song W, Xu C, Sapey E, Jiang D, Wu C. Effects of high night temperature on soybean yield and compositions. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14:1065604. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1065604
  69. 69. Rasmussen PU, Bennett AE, Tack AJM. The impact of elevated temperature and drought on the ecology and evolution of plant-soil microbe interactions. J Ecol. 2020;108(1):337–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13292
  70. 70. Parasar BJ, Kashyap S, Sharma I, Marme SD, Das P, Agarwala N. Microbe-mediated alleviation of drought and heat stress in plants: Current understanding and future prospects. Discov Plants. 2024;1(1):26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44372-024-00022-1
  71. 71. Bellundagi A, Ramya KT, Krishna H, Jain N, Shashikumara P, Singh PK, et al. Marker-assisted backcross breeding for heat tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet. 2022;13:1056783. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1056783
  72. 72. Ye C, Ishimaru T, Lambio L, Li L, Long Y, He Z, et al. Marker-assisted pyramiding of QTLs for heat tolerance and escape upgrades heat resilience in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet. 2022;135(4):1345–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04035-w
  73. 73. Guo Y, Chen Q, Qu Y, Deng X, Zheng K, Wang N, et al. Development and identification of molecular markers of GhHSP70-26 related to heat tolerance in cotton. Gene. 2023;874:147486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2023.147486
  74. 74. Tran MT, Son GH, Song YJ, Nguyen NT, Park S, Thach TV, et al. CRISPR-Cas9-based precise engineering of SlHyPRP1 protein towards multi-stress tolerance in tomato. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14:1186932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1186932
  75. 75. Singh S, Mishra V, Riyazuddin R, Chugh V, Upadhyay SK. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for trait improvement and stress tolerance in Leguminosae (Legume family). Plant Breed. n/a.
  76. 76. Hoshikawa K, Pham D, Ezura H, Schafleitner R, Nakashima K. Genetic and molecular mechanisms conferring heat stress tolerance in tomato plants. Front Plant Sci. 2021;12:786688. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.786688
  77. 77. Pandey S, Divakar S, Singh A. Genome editing prospects for heat stress tolerance in cereal crops. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024;215:108989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108989
  78. 78. Devi EL, Devi CP, Kumar S, Sharma SK, Beemrote A, Chongtham SK, et al. Marker assisted selection (MAS) towards generating stress tolerant crop plants. Plant Gene. 2017;11:205–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2017.05.014
  79. 79. Srivastava V, De Guzman C, Fernandes SB. Beat the heat: Breeding, genomics and gene editing for high nighttime temperature tolerance in rice. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2024;82:102659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102659
  80. 80. Xiong J, Wang H, Zhong Z, Li S, Qin P. Emerging strategies to improve heat stress tolerance in crops. aBIOTECH. 2025;6(1):97–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-024-00195-z
  81. 81. Chaudhary S, Devi P, Bhardwaj A, Jha UC, Sharma KD, Prasad PVV, et al. Identification and characterization of contrasting genotypes/cultivars for developing heat tolerance in agricultural crops: Current status and prospects. Front Plant Sci. 2020;11:587264. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.587264
  82. 82. Chang-Brahim I, Koppensteiner LJ, Beltrame L, Bodner G, Saranti A, Salzinger J, et al. Reviewing the essential roles of remote phenotyping, GWAS and explainable AI in practical marker-assisted selection for drought-tolerant winter wheat breeding. Front Plant Sci. 2024;15:1319938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1319938
  83. 83. Ramakrishnan M, Zhang Z, Mullasseri S, Kalendar R, Ahmad Z, Sharma A, et al. Epigenetic stress memory: A new approach to study cold and heat stress responses in plants. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:1075279. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1075279
  84. 84. Yamaguchi N, Matsubara S, Yoshimizu K, Seki M, Hamada K, Kamitani M, et al. H3K27me3 demethylases alter HSP22 and HSP17.6C expression in response to recurring heat in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3480. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23766-w
  85. 85. Jin Q, Chachar M, Ali A, Chachar Z, Zhang P, Riaz A, et al. Epigenetic regulation for heat stress adaptation in plants: New horizons for crop improvement under climate change. Agronomy. 2024;14(9):2105. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092105
  86. 86. Lämke J, Bäurle I. Epigenetic and chromatin-based mechanisms in environmental stress adaptation and stress memory in plants. Genome Biol. 2017;18(1):124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1263-6
  87. 87. Zheng S, Zhao W, Liu Z, Geng Z, Li Q, Liu B, et al. Establishment and maintenance of heat-stress memory in plants. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(16):8976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168976
  88. 88. Sena S, Prakash A, Van Staden J, Kumar V. Epigenetic control of plant regeneration: Unraveling the role of histone methylation. Curr Plant Biol. 2024;40:100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100408
  89. 89. Perrella G, Bäurle I, van Zanten M. Epigenetic regulation of thermomorphogenesis and heat stress tolerance. New Phytol. 2022;234(4):1144–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17970
  90. 90. Liu J, Feng L, Li J, He Z. Genetic and epigenetic control of plant heat responses. Front Plant Sci. 2015;6:267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00267
  91. 91. Jing P, Wang D, Zhu C, Chen J. Plant physiological, morphological and yield-related responses to night temperature changes across different species and plant functional types. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:1774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01774
  92. 92. McAusland L, Acevedo-Siaca LG, Pinto RS, Pinto F, Molero G, Garatuza-Payan J, et al. Night-time warming in the field reduces nocturnal stomatal conductance and grain yield but does not alter daytime physiological responses. New Phytol. 2023;239(5):1622–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19075
  93. 93. Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zheng C, Song Z, Deng A, et al. Nighttime warming will increase winter wheat yield through improving plant development and grain growth in North China. J Plant Growth Regul. 2014;33(2):397–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-013-9390-0
  94. 94. Fan Y, Tian Z, Yan Y, Hu C, Abid M, Jiang D, et al. Winter night-warming improves post-anthesis physiological activities and sink strength in relation to grain filling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:992. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00992
  95. 95. Lesjak J, Calderini DF. Increased night temperature negatively affects grain yield, biomass and grain number in Chilean quinoa. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00352
  96. 96. Yadav RK, Tripathi MK, Tiwari S, Tripathi N, Asati R, Chauhan S, et al. Genome editing and improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Life. 2023;13(7):1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071456
  97. 97. Angon PB, Das A, Roy AR, Khan JJ, Ahmad I, Biswas A, et al. Plant development and heat stress: Role of exogenous nutrients and phytohormones in thermotolerance. Discov Plants. 2024;1(1):17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44372-024-00020-3
  98. 98. Singh B, Salaria N, Thakur K, Kukreja S, Gautam S, Goutam U. Functional genomic approaches to improve crop plant heat stress tolerance. F1000Research. 2019;8:1721. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19840.1
  99. 99. Raza A, Bashir S, Khare T, Karikari B, Copeland RGR, Jamla M, et al. Temperature-smart plants: A new horizon with omics-driven plant breeding. Physiol Plant. 2024;176(1):e14188. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14188

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.