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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp2 (2026): Recent Advances in Agriculture

Decarbonising rice cultivation: strategies for methane mitigation and enhanced methane oxidation

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.15034
Submitted
16 April 2026
Published
29-06-2026

Abstract

Rice cultivation is one of the major anthropogenic sources of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Methane (CH4) is produced under anaerobic conditions in soils by methanogenic archaea. The magnitude of CH4 emissions depends on processes such as CH4 production, oxidation and transport, which are influenced by soil properties, microbial activity, plant traits and management practices. Methanotrophic bacteria significantly contribute to the reduction of emissions through the oxidation of CH4, especially in the rhizosphere where oxygen is available. This paper reviews various dimensions of CH4 in rice ecosystems such as methanogenesis pathways, CH4 oxidation mechanisms, microbial interactions and the environmental controls of redox potential, organic substrates, water and nutrient management. Several strategies for mitigation, such as alternate wetting and drying irrigation, optimised fertilisation, biochar application, crop establishment methods, low-methane rice varieties and emerging technologies like bioinoculants, nanotechnology and precision agriculture, have been discussed. Overall, there is a great need for integrated management approaches that simultaneously enhance CH4 oxidation and reduce CH4 production in order to develop climate-smart rice systems that can not only reduce emissions but ensure global food security.

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