Role of Bacillus thuringiensis in development of transgenic plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2370Keywords:
Transgenic plants, Bacillus thuringiensis, Cry proteins, Biopesticide, genetically modified plantsAbstract
One of the most significant advancements in plant biotechnology has been the production of genetically engineered plants. Due to the effects of pests damaging the majority of crops, the development of pest immunity was necessary for crop preservation. Plants that have had their gene makeup altered in-utero, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, which has insecticidal properties and helps protect crops from pests, are referred to as "genetically modified plants." Cry proteins, which are poisonous proteins that exist in the state of crystals, are the major genes responsible for the development of transgenic plants. Based on the effect of different pest species, cry proteins are divided into many categories. Since they are extremely specific by nature and only affect the target proteins, they are considered environmentally beneficial pesticides since they have no impact on the physiologically significant soil bacteria or other bacterial flora. These cry proteins stay as dormant crystals, but when a pest consumes plants, the inactive form of the crystals becomes active in the alkaline stomach pH of the microorganism, aiding in the rupture of the gut epithelium and ultimately causing the microorganism to die. These days, transgenic plants have been created, including BT corn, BT rice, sugarcane, brinjal, potato, tomato, and many more, it was also discovered that using these transgenic plants increased crop productivity. Transgenic plants can prevent several ecological issues associated with traditional pesticides, including the emergence of resistance, their toxicity to non-target living things, and the buildup of toxic waste in the environment.
Downloads
References
Xiao Y, Wu K. Recent progress on the interaction between insects and Bacillus thuringiensis crops. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2019;374(1767):20180316. https://doi.org/ 10.1098/rstb.2018.0316.
Kumar, P., Kamle, M. Borah, R., Mahato, D.P., Sharma B. Bacillus thuringiensis as microbial biopesticide: uses and application for sustainable agriculture. Egypt J Biol Pest Control. 2021; 31, 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00440-3
Heckel DG. How do toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis kill insects? An evolutionary perspective. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2020 Jun;104(2):e21673. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/arch.21673.
Panwar BS, Kaur J, Kumar P, Kaur S. A novel cry52Ca1 gene from an Indian Bacillus thuringiensis isolate is toxic to Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm). J Invertebr Pathol. 2018 Nov;159:137-140. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.002.
Bel Y, Zack M, Narva K, Escriche B. Specific binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ea toxin, and Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa competition analyses in Anticarsia gemmatalis and Chrysodeixis includens. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 3;9(1):18201. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-019-54850-3.
Duarte Neto JMW, Wanderley MCA, da Silva TAF, Marques DAV, da Silva GR, Gurgel JF, Oliveira JP, Porto ALF. Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin production: a systematic review of the past 10 years. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;36(9):128. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11274-020-02904-4.
Abbas, M.S.T. Genetically engineered (modified) crops (Bacillus thuringiensis crops) and the world controversy on their safety. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 2018;28, 52 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0051-2
Wang J, Ma H, Zhao S, Huang J, Yang Y, Tabashnik BE, Wu Y. Functional redundancy of two ABC transporter proteins in mediating toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to cotton bollworm. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(3):e1008427. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008427.
Fu Y, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Gao M. Prevalence and Diversity Analysis of Candidate Prophages to Provide An Understanding on Their Roles in Bacillus Thuringiensis. Viruses. 2019;11(4):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040388.
Thea A. Wilkins, Kanniah Rajasekaran & David M. Anderson. Cotton Biotechnology, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2000;19:6, 511-550 https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07352680091139286
Bakhsh A., Qayyum R., Shahid A.A., Husnain T., Riazuddin S. Insect Resistance and Risk Assessment Studies in Advance Lines of Bt Cotton Harboring Cry1Ac and Cry2A Genes. Am Euras J Agric Environ Sci. 2009;6.
Liu F, Luo J, Zhu X, Zhao C, Niu L, Cui J. Transgenic Cry1Ac/CpTI cotton assessment finds no detrimental effects on the insect predator Chrysoperla sinica. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;208:111680. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111680.
Qin D, Liu XY, Miceli C, Zhang Q, Wang PW. Soybean plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis cry8-like gene show resistance to Holotrichia parallela. BMC Biotechnol. 2019;19(1):66. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12896-019-0563-1.
Kadoi? Balaško M, Mikac KM, Bažok R, Lemic D. Modern Techniques in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) Control and Resistance Management: History Review and Future Perspectives. Insects. 2020 Sep 1;11(9):581. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/insects11090581.
Tokel, D., Genc, B.N. and Ozyigit, I.I. Economic impacts of bt (bacillus thuringiensis) cotton, Journal of Natural Fibers. 2021;19(12), https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1870613.
Aslam, S. and Gul, N. Impact of genetically modified crops on the environment. Environmental Processes and Management. 2021; 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38152-3_13.
Karalis, D.T., Karalis, T., Karalis, S., Kleisiari. A.S. Genetically modified products, perspectives and challenges. Cureus. 2020; https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7306.
Cheryatova, Y.S. and Yembaturova. Transgenic plants — a threat to local flora? Ecological genetics. 2022; 20(1S), 54–55. https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen112372.
Álvarez-Alfageme F, Devos Y, Camargo AM, Arpaia S, Messéan A. Managing resistance evolution to transgenic Bt maize in corn borers in Spain. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2022; 42(2):201-219. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931018.
Kumar J.S., Jayaraj J., Shanthi M., Theradimani M., Venkatasamy B., Irulandi S., Prabhu S. Potential of standard strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control. 2020; 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00326-w.
Naveenarani M., Suresha G.S., Srikanth J., Hari K., Sankaranarayanan C., Mahesh P., Nirmala R., Swathik C.P., Crickmore N., Ram B., Appunu C., Singaravelu B. Whole genome analysis and functional characterization of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt 62) isolate against sugarcane white grub Holotrichia serrata (F). Genomics. 2022 ;114(1):185-195. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.012.
Shelton AM, Hossain MJ, Paranjape V, Prodhan MZH, Azad AK, Majumder R, Sarwer SH, Hossain MA. Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh: The First Genetically Engineered Food Crop in a Developing Country. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2019;11(10):a034678. https://doi.org/ 10.1101/cshperspect.a034678.
Kalia, P., Aminedi R., Golz J., Russel D., Choudhary P., Rawat S., Bansal S., Tenazas F., Singh A., Panwar A., Kalia V., Behera T., Bhatacharya R. Development of diamondback moth resistant transgenic cabbage and cauliflower by stacking cry1b and cry1cbt genes. Acta Horticulturae. 2020; 1282, 237–246. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1282.36.
Mohan, M. and Gujar, G.T. Toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains and commercial formulations to the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Crop Protection, 2001;20(4), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(00)00157-5.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 22-12-2023 (2)
- 09-11-2023 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 C S Ramyashree, C Morris Carol, P Kruthika, Pappuswamy Manikantan, Chaudhary Aditi, Meyyazhagan Arun, Arumugam Vijaya Anand, Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
