Strategies of NHX antiporters to deal with salt stress

Mostapha Maach; Mustapha  Akodad; María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosal; Kees Venema; Ali  Skalli; Hanane  Ait Hmeid; Hamza  El haddaji; Hicham  Gueddari; Mourad  Baghour

doi:10.14719/pst.2442

Authors

Mostapha Maach Research Institute in Horticulture and Seeds (IRHS), University of Angers, Angers, France https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6461-1802
Mustapha Akodad Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed I University, 62700, Nador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9102-0327
María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosal Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-3239
Kees Venema Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-6464
Ali Skalli Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed I University, 62700, Nador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-2073
Hanane Ait Hmeid Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed I University, 62700, Nador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-4373
Hamza El haddaji Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed I University, 62700, Nador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-3127
Hicham Gueddari Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed I University, 62700, Nador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-6867
Mourad Baghour Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed I University, 62700, Nador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-7731

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2442

Keywords:

NHX, Salt stress, homeostasis, antiport, tolerance, SOS

Abstract

The adverse effects of salinity on plant growth are generally associated with the low osmotic potential of the soil solution and the high level of sodium toxicity (and chlorine toxicity for some species) which cause multiple perturbations on plant metabolism, growth, and development at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. The vacuolar NHX and plasma membrane SOS antiporters mediate cation and proton exchange across the tonoplast and plasma membrane, respectively. The SOS transporters allow the excretion of Na+ from the cytoplasm to the outside environment and alternatively, NHXs provide Na+ transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. Cellular ion homeostasis is an essential phenomenon for all organisms. Most cells manage to maintain a high level of potassium and a low level of sodium in the cytoplasm through the coordination and regulation of different transporters and channels instead of the NHX-type vacuolar antiport. In this article, some important mechanisms in the regulation of ionic ions such as Na+. will be discussed.

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