Effects of acute gamma irradiation on the morphology of Curcuma alismatifolia ‘Siam Shadow’ and C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Scarlet’

Vachiraporn  Pikulthong; Sirichanya  Inboon; Santi Ariya; Narumon  Boonman; Chanate  Wanna; Piyada Wongwiwat; Sirirat Phakpaknam

doi:10.14719/pst.3049

Authors

Vachiraporn Pikulthong Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4530-1388
Sirichanya Inboon Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9387-8163
Santi Ariya National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency. Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3821-1629
Narumon Boonman Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-480X
Chanate Wanna Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-555X
Piyada Wongwiwat Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-6264
Sirirat Phakpaknam Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0246

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3049

Keywords:

Acute gamma rays, Curcuma alismatifolia ‘Siam Shadow’, C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Scarlet’, LD50, Mutation

Abstract

Curcuma alismatifolia (Pathumma in Thailand), also known as Siam Tulip, is an economically valuable cut flower in Thailand and is continuously bred to enhance its captivating array of colors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute gamma irradiation on 2 cultivars of C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Shadow’ and C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Scarlet’ for in vitro propagation and determination of the lethal dose 50 (LD₅₀). The irradiation was conducted at doses of 0, 20, 30, 40 and 80 Gy using young shoots tissue culture. The results of the experiment revealed that the LD₅₀ for ‘Siam Shadow’ could not be determined while ‘Siam Scarlet’ was 29.06 Gy. ‘Siam Shadow’ exhibited chimera leaf formation when exposed to a gamma irradiated dose of 40 Gy, while ‘Siam Scarlet’ exhibited chimera leaf formation when gamma irradiated at doses of 20 Gy in vitro. After planting in a greenhouse, ‘Siam Shadow’ was irradiated with 30 Gy of gamma irradiated, had reduced bract numbers and the bracts became smaller. Conversely, ‘Siam Scarlet’ irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma irradiated, produced smaller inflorescences with only 2 bracts, while irradiation with 30 Gy resulted in 2 lobes and spotted leaves at the edges of the leaves. The results indicated that both the C. alismatifolia cultivars and gamma irradiation rates had a significant influence on survival rate, number of shoots, plant height, chlorophyll mutants and morphology. As the outcome, it was determined that gamma irradiation with optimum doses of gamma rays could induce new characteristics in C. alismatifolia.

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