Characterization of Azotobacter beijerinckii for PGP properties isolated from tomato rhizosphere of Darjeeling Hills

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3095

Keywords:

Azotobacter, Indole Acetic Acid, Inorganic phosphate, Darjeeling Hills, biofertilizer

Abstract

The rhizosphere soil is the habitat of a various kind of microorganisms that play a key role in the enhancement of plant growth. The present study was carried out to screen the abundance of free-living dinitrogen-fixing microorganisms from the tomato rhizosphere of Darjeeling Hills. The bacteria that could fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and grow on media devoid of nitrogen were isolated. One of the potent strains was selected and identified as Azotobacter beijerinckii through molecular characterization using 16S rRNA homology at NCMR-NCCS, Pune. In-vitro production of IAA was 27 (?g/mL), Gibberellic acid was 48 (?g/mL) and the Phosphate solubilization index (SI) was 2.86. The plant growth promotion test was performed on rice seeds using the strain. The results showed that the % increase in germination over control was 7.52%.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Hayat R, Ali S, Amara U, Khalid R, Ahmed I. Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: A review. Ann Microbiol. 2010;60(4):579-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0117-1

Damodara chari K, Subhash Reddy R, Trimurtulu N. Screening and characterization of diazotrophic bacterial isolates for plant growth promoting properties. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015;4(9):704-10. http://www.ijcmas.com

Chowdhury SK, Majumdar S, Mandal V. Biocontrol potential and growth promotion capability of Bacillus sp. LBF-1 for management of wilt disease of Solanum lycopersicum caused by Fusarium sp. Russ Agric Sci. 2020;46(2):139-47. doi: 10.3103/S1068367420020044

Chowdhury SK, Majumdar S, Mandal V. Application of Bacillus sp. LBF-01 in Capsicum annuum plant reduces the fungicide use against Fusarium oxysporum. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2020;27(2020):101714. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101714.

El-Shanshoury AERR, El-Sououd SMA, Awadalla OA, El-Bandy NB. Effects of Streptomyces corchorusii, Streptomyces mutabilis, pendimethalin and metribuzin on the control of bacterial and Fusarium wilt of tomato. Canadian Journal of Botany. 1996;74(7):1016-22. DOI:10.1139/b96-126

Chain EB, Mellows G. Pseudomonic acid. Part 1 The structure of Pseudomonic acid A, a novel antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. J Chem Soc PerkinsTrans. 1. 1977;294-309. https://doi.org/10.1039/p19770000294

Roskova Z, Skarohlid R, McGachy L. Siderophores: An alternative bioremediation strategy. Science of the Total Environment. 2022 May 1;819:153144. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153144.

Yankey R, Omoor IN, Karanja JK, Wang L, Urga RT, Fang CH et al. Metabolic properties, gene functions and biosafety analysis reveal the action of three rhizospheric plant growth-promoting bacteria of Jujuncao (Pennisetum giganteum). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 ;29(25):38435-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17854-z

Kusale SP, Attar YC, Sayyed RZ, Malek RA, Ilyas N, Suriani NL et al. Production of plant beneficial and antioxidant metabolites by Klebsiella variicola under salinity stress. Molecules. 2021;26(7):1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071894

Kloepper JW. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on radishes. In: Proceedings of the 4th Internet. Conf on Plant Pathogenic Bacter, Station de Pathologie Vegetaleet Phytobacteriologie, INRA, Angers, France. 1978;2:879-82.

Kaviyarasan GP, Shricharan SP, Kathiravan RP. Studies on isolation, biochemical characterization and nitrogen fixing ability of Azotobacter sp. isolated from agricultural soils. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS). 2020;6(11):118-25. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.26974.46404

Samal DP, Ray P, Sukla LB, Shukla V. Isolation and screening of Azotobacter spp. for plant growth promoting properties and its survival under different environmental stress conditions. Open Access Journal. 2020;10(2):5188-92. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC102.188192

Martyniuk S, Martyniuk M. Occurrence of Azotobacter spp. in some polish soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2003;12(3):371-74.

Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Proteobacteriaphyl nov. Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. 2015;1-1. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00044

Mohammed Hassan AB. The effect of Azotobacter chrococcum as nitrogen biofertilizer on the growth and yield of Cucumis sativus. The Islamic University. 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12358/21551

Yates MG, Jones CW. Respiration and nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter. In Advances in Microbial Physiology. Academic Press. 1974;11:97-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60270-2

Pantoja-Guerra M, Burkett-Cadena M, Cadena J, Dunlap CA, Ramírez CA. Lysinibacillus spp.: An IAA-producing endospore forming-bacteria that promotes plant growth. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2023;3:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-023-01828-x

Paul S, Verma OP, Rathi MS, Tyagi SP. Effects of Azotobacter inoculation on seed germination and yield of onion (Allium cepa). Annals of Agricultural Research. 2002;23:297-99.

Nagananda GS, Das A, Bhattacharya S, Kalpana T. In-vitro studies on effect of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium. International Journal of Botany. 2010;6:394-403. DOI:10.3923/ijb.2010.394.403

Damir O, Mladen PI, Bozidar S, Sran N. cultivation of the bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum for preparation of biofertilizers. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;10(16):3104-111. DOI:10.5897/AJB10.1086

Aisha S, Rizwan AA, Rose R, Irshad M. Azotobacter: A potential bio-fertilizer for soil and plant health management. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020;27:3634-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.004

Latef AAHA, Omer AM, Badawy AA. Strategy of salt tolerance and interactive impact of Azotobacter chroococcum and/or Alcaligenes faecalis inoculation on canola (Brassica napus L.) plants grown in saline soil. J Plants. 2021;10(1):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010110

Bhadrecha P, Singh S, Dwibedi V. ‘A plant’s major strength in rhizosphere’: The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Archives of Microbiology. 2023;205(5):165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03502-2

Jensen HL. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In: Soil Nitrogen, 3rd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. 1965;pp.436-80. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr10.c12

Pandey A, Sharma E, Palni LMS. Influence of bacterial inoculation on maize in upland farming systems of the Sikkim Himalaya. Soil Biol Biochem. 1998;30:379-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00121-1

Holt JG, Krieg JN, Sneath P, Staley J, Williams S. Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology. Williamson and Wilkins. Baltimore. 1994;786-88.

Jadhav GG, Salunkhe DS, Nerkar DP, Bhadekar RK. Isolation and characterization of salt-tolerant nitrogen-fixing microorganisms from food. J Eur Asia Bio Sci. 2010;4:33-40. https://doi.org/10.5053/ejobios.2010.4.0.5

Cappuccino JC, Sherman N. Microbiology. In: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd Eds. New York, Benjamin/cummings Pub. Co. 1992;125-79.

Kyaw EP, Yu SS, MM Oo. Purification and characterization of cellulases from wild type and mutant strains of cellulytic nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from soil in N free media. International Conference on Sustainable Development. 2008.

Bano N, Mussarat J. Characterization of a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NJ-15 as a potential biocontrol agent. Curr Microbiol. 2003;46:324-28. DOI:10.1007/s00284-002-3857-8

Gaur AC. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms as biofertilizers. Omega Scientific Publisher, New Delhi. 1990;176.

Nguyen C, Yan W, Le Tacon F, Lapeyrie F. Genetic variability of phosphate solubilizing activity by monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Msire) P.D. Orton. Plant and Soil. 1992;143:193-99. DOI:10.1007/BF00007873

Vazquez PG, Holguin ME, Puente A, Lopez-Cortes, Bashan Y. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves growing in a semiarid coastal lagoon. Biol Fertil Soils. 2000;30:460-68. DOI:10.1007/s003740050024

Subbarao NS. Phosphate solubilizing micro-organism. In: Biofertilizer in Agriculture and Forestry. Regional Biofert Dev. Centre, Hissar, India. 1988;133-42.

Mail GV, Bodhankar MG. Antifungal and phytohormone production potential of Azotobacter chroococcum isolates from groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) rhizosphere. Asian J Exp Sci. 2009;23:293-97.

Schwyn B, Neilands JB. Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Analytical Biochemistry. 1987;160(1):47-56. DOI:10.1016/0003-2697(87)90612-9

Bakker AW, Schippers B. Microbial cyanide production in the rhizosphere in relation to potato yield reduction and Pseudomonas spp.- mediated plant growth-stimulation. Soil Biol Biochem. 1987;19:451-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(87)90037-X

Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York. 1989.

Bal H B, Nayak L, Das S, Adhya TK. Isolation of ACC deaminase producing PGPR from rice rhizosphere and evaluating their plant growth promoting activity under salt stress. Plant Soil. 2012;355:1011-14. DOI:10.1007/s11104-012-1402-5

Ahmad B, Nigar S, Malik NA, Bashir S, Ali J, Yousaf S. Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic nitrogen fixing Azotobacter species from wheat rhizosphere of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2013;27(1):51-60. DOI:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.01.81120

Chowdhury SK, Mazumdar T. The pesticidal activities of rhizospheric bacteria isolated from Holarrhena pubescens, their plant growth promotion and IAA production optimization. Sci J Biol. 2022 April 07;5(1):010-021. doi: 10.37871/sjb.id26

Chowdhury SK. Application of heavy metal tolerance plant growth promoting bacteria for remediation of metalliferous soils and their growth efficiency on maize (Zea mays L.) plant isolates. Sci J Biol. 2021;4(1):039-050. doi: 10.37871/sjb.id23

Patil V. Production of Indole Acetic Acid by Azotobacter spp. Recent Research in Science and Biotechnology: Technology. 2011;3(12):14-16.

https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/view/839

Purwaningsih S, Mulyani N, Nugroho AA, Suriani NL. Effectiveness of rhizosphere Azotobacter bacteria in promoting rice growth and yield in a greenhouse. In the First Asian PGPR Indonesian Chapter International e-Conference. 2021. KnE Life Sciences. 2022;328-39. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i3.11134

Jain D, Kaur G, Bhojiya AA, Chauhan S, Khandelwal SK, Meena RH et al. Phenetic characterization of nitrogen fixing Azotobacter from rhizopheric soil of Southern Rajasthan. Journal of Pure Appl Microbiol. 2021;15(1):428-36. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.15.1.40

Barate DL, Nawale SS. Studies on isolation of plant growth promoting Azotobacter spp. from soil samples. Int J Sci Res Sci and Technol. 2023;10(3):142-50.

doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST52310319

Ahmad F, Ahmad I, Khan MS. Indole Acetic Acid production by the indigenous isolates of Azotobacter and fluorescent Pseudomonas in the presence and absence of tryptophan. Turk J Biol. 2005;29:29-34.

Kumar A, Kumar K, Kumar P, Maurya R, Prasad S, Singh SK. Production of indole acetic acid by Azotobacter strains associated with mungbean. Plant Archives. 2014;14(1):41-42.

Lee M, Breckenridge C, Knowles R. Effect of some cultural conditions on the production of indole-3-acetic acid and a gibberellin like substances by Azotobacter vinelandii. Can J Microbiol. 1970;16:1325-30. https://doi.org/10.1139/m70-219

Varma A, Kukreja K, Pathak DV, Suneja S, Nanda N. In-vitro production of plant growth regulators by A. chroococcum. Indian Journal of Microbiology. 2001;41:305-07.

Amal MO, Hassan ME, Rashed A, Zaghloul, Mohamed OAM, Dawwam GE. Sciences potential of Azotobacter salinestris as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under saline stress conditions. Journal of Pharmacceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2016;7(6):2572.

Nivetha N, Vikram KV, Asha AD, Md Aslam Khan, Sangeeta Paul. Effect of calcium salts on growth and plant growth promoting activities of salt tolerant Azotobacter chroococcum. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2021;3(2):29-34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351224628

Chowdhury SK, Roy N, Banerjee M, Basnett D. Plant growth promotion and antifungal activities of the mango phyllosphere bacterial consortium for the management of Fusarium wilt disease in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Sci Today. 10(3):220-34. https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/2267

Baars O, Zhang X, Morel FMM, Seyedsayamdost MR. The siderophore metabolome of Azotobacter vinelandii. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015;82:27-39. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03160-15

Ahmad F, Ahmad I, Khan MS. Screening of free-living rhizobacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. Microbiological Research. 2008;163(2):173181. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.04.001

Apte R, Shende ST. Studies on Azotobacter chroococcum. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on germination of seeds of agricultural crops. Zentralblan fur Bakteriologie. Abt. II, 1981;136:555-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80067-5

Lwin KM, Myint MM, Tar T, Aung WZM. Isolation of plant hormone (Indole-3-Acetic Acid - IAA) producing rhizobacteria and study on their effects on maize seedling. Engineering Journal. 2012;16(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2012.16.5.137

Published

11-05-2024 — Updated on 21-05-2024

Versions

How to Cite

1.
Basnett D, Chowdhury SK, Sharma BC, Lama PC. Characterization of Azotobacter beijerinckii for PGP properties isolated from tomato rhizosphere of Darjeeling Hills. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2024 May 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 4];11(2). Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/3095

Issue

Section

Research Articles