Antioxidant analysis of protein from fresh and dry leaf of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3274Keywords:
Orthosiphon aristatus, electrophoresis, protein, antioxidant, DPPH, FRAPAbstract
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. is a folklore plant consumed as brewed tea for various health benefits. The white variety of the plants leaf and stem are predominantly sold in the market in dried form, blooming as a natural herbal product. To date, no proteomics and antioxidant studies are available on the fresh and dried leaf protein extract of O. aristatus since most studies take an interest in the crude extracts of plants. Thereupon, this study focuses on the One-dimensional (1D) electrophoretic pattern of the fresh and dry leaf determined via sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Additionally, antioxidant proteins are currently being focused on for their link to controlling disease through their potential to destroy free radicals that are present in excess. Hence, an antioxidant assay was conducted for the fresh and dry leaf protein extract using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The electrophoretic pattern obtained resulted in approximately 16 and 10 bands for the fresh and dry leaves respectively. As for the antioxidant activity, the dry leaf had higher radical scavenging activity and higher reducing power compared to the fresh leaf. The findings obtained provides insight in to the protein content and antioxidant activity found in the protein extract of fresh and dry leaves of O. aristatus. Hence, further detailed study of the protein extracts could further unveil their therapeutic potential.
Downloads
References
Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A, Armand R. The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: A review of Thymus vulgaris. International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2015;06(09):635-42. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2015.69084
Khatun MA, Md.Harun-Or-Rashid, Rahmatullah M. Scientific validation of eight medicinal plants used in traditional medicinal systems of Malaysia: A review. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 2011;5(1):67-75.
Zaki PH, Gandaseca S, Rashidi NM. Traditional usage of medicinal plants by Temiar tribes in the State of Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. Forest and Society. 2019;3(2). https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i2.6424
Jantan I. The scientific values of Malaysian herbal products. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia. 2006;4(1):59-70.
Ashraf K, Sultan S, Adam A. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is an outstanding food medicine: Review of phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2018;10:109-18. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_253_17
Ahmed IA. Ethnomedicinal uses of some common Malaysian medicinal plants. Natural Drugs from Plants. 2022.
Gimbun J, Pang SF, Yusoff MM. Orthosiphon stamineus (Java tea). Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. 2019;p. 327-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812491-8.00047-3
Kamarudin NA, Markom M, Latip J. Effects of solvents and extraction methods on herbal plants Phyllanthus niruri, Orthosiphon stamineus and Labisia pumila. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2016;9(21). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i21/95235
Cai X, Xiao C, Xue H, Xiong H, Hang Y, Xu J, et al. A comparative study of the antioxidant and intestinal protective effects of extracts from different parts of Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus). Food Sci Nutr. 2018;6(3):579-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.584
Adnyana IK, Setiawan F, Insanu M. From ethnopharmacology to clinical study of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013;5(3):66-73.
Ng ML. Protein expression profiling of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq and molecular dynamics simulation of transketolase with antidiabetic potential: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 2019.
Wani SS, Dar PA, Zargar SM, Dar TA. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plant proteins: Present status and future perspectives. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2020;21(5):443-87. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666191119095624
Bovani RP, Liwanda N, Batubara I, Ambarsari L, Nurcholis W. Phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts from fifteen Orthosiphon aristatus leaves genotypes. Biodiversitas. 2024;25(2):763-69. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250236
Wang W, Vignani R, Scali M, Cresti M. A universal and rapid protocol for protein extraction from recalcitrant plant tissues for proteomic analysis. Electrophoresis. 2006;27(13):2782-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200500722
Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 1976;72:248-54. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999
Sanchez-Moreno C, Larrauri JA, Saura-Calixto F. A procedure to measure the antiradical efficiency of polyphenols. J Sci Food Agric. 1998;76:270-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199802)76:2%3C270::AID-JSFA945%3E3.0.CO;2-9
Pulido R, Bravo L, Saura-Calixto F. Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(8):3396-402. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9913458
Kiong ALP, Lai AG, Hussein S, Harun AR. Physiological responses of Orthosiphon stamineus plantles to gamma irradiation. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 2008;2(2).
Michaletti A, Naghavi MR, Toorchi M, Zolla L, Rinalducci S. Metabolomics and proteomics reveal drought-stress responses of leaf tissues from spring-wheat. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5710. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24012-y
Alhaithloul HA, Soliman MH, Ameta KL, El-Esawi MA, Elkelish A. Changes in ecophysiology, osmolytes and secondary metabolites of the medicinal plants of Mentha piperita and Catharanthus roseus subjected to drought and heat stress. Biomolecules. 2019;10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010043
Satheshkumar S, Punniamurthy N. Effect of drying on protein profile of Murraya koenigii leaves. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology. 2017;6(1):861-65.
Gulen H, Eris A. Effect of heat stress on peroxidase activity and total protein content in strawberry plants. Plant Science. 2004;166:739-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.11.014
Farhan M, Razak SA, Pin K, Chuah A. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of different parts of Orthosiphon stamineus grown under different light intensities. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 2012;24(2):173-77.
Abdullah S, Shaari AR, Azimi A. Effect of drying methods on metabolites composition of Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) leaves. APCBEE Procedia. 2012;2:178-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.032
Ayodelea OD, Oyegbadeb O, Osenic SR. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of dry and fresh leaves of Petivera alliacea and Ocimum gratissimum. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR). 2015;24(3):1-13.
Kalusalingam A, Hasnu DN, Khan A, Tan CS, Menon B, Narayanan V, et al. An updated review of ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Malaysian Applied Biology. 2024;53(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v53i1.2774
Dubey RS. Protein synthesis by plants under stressful conditions. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. 1999;2:365-97. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780824746728.ch16
Zhou P, Graether SP, Hu L, Zhang W. Editorial: The role of stress proteins in plants under abiotic stress. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14:1193542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1193542
Abinaya C, Suresh J, Rajamani K, Vennila P, Ganapathy S. Effect of different drying treatments on the biochemical components of java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.). The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2021;10(11):1677-79.
Taokaenchan N, Satienperakul S, Ueda Y, Tsutsumi S, Yasuda S. Effects of drying temperature on the amount of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. tea extracts. Philippine Journal of Science. 2021;150(4):735-42. https://doi.org/10.56899/150.04.11
Siddiqui MJ, Hafizoh S, Ismail Z, Sahib H, Helal MHS, Majid AMSA. Analysis of total proteins, polysaccharides and glycosaponins contents of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in spray and freeze-dried methanol: water (1:1) extract and its contribution to cytotoxic and antiangiogenic activities. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2009;1(5):320-26.
Pariyani R, Ismail IS, Ahmad Azam A, Abas F, Shaari K. Identification of the compositional changes in Orthosiphon stamineus leaves triggered by different drying techniques using (1) H NMR metabolomics. J Sci Food Agric. 2017;97(12):4169-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8288
Marbun M, Nasution DP, Hanindiya B, Mustaruddin, Delfahedah Y, Arsiaty, editors. Anti-inflammatory effect of leaf ethanol extract of cat's kumize (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) in male white rats of wistar strains. International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology. 2019;2021.
Sim SYJ, Srv A, Chiang JH, Henry CJ. Plant proteins for future foods: A roadmap. Foods. 2021;10(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081967
Niu L, Yuan H, Gong F, Wu X, Wang W. Protein extraction methods shape much of the extracted proteomes. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9:802.31. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00802
Ramakrishna H, Murthy SS, Divya RM, DR R, G PM. Hydroxy radical and DPPH scavenging activity of crude protein extract of Leucas linifolia: A folk medicinal plant. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research. 2012;2(1):30-35.
Zulkifli ZA, Rahmat Z. Protein antioxidant capacity from Moringa oleifera fresh and commercialised leaf. Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia. 2020;17(1):155-61. https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2820
Chua LS, Abdullah FI, Lim TK, Lin Q. Potential protein hydrolysates from the white and purple flower varieties of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves. Food Chem. 2024;432:137261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137261
Samidurai D, Pandurangan AK, Krishnamoorthi SK, Perumal MK, Nanjian R. Sinensetin isolated from Orthosiphon aristatus inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Process Biochemistry. 2020;88:213-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.031
Alshehade SA, Al Zarzour RH, Mathai M, Giribabu N, Seyedan A, Kaur G, et al. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via antioxidant activities in C57BL/6 obese mice and palmitic-oleic acid-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16010109
Kusmala YY, Fathiyya N, Z NKM, M AF, Riyanti S. Potentials of the cat's whisker plants (Orthosiphon aristatus) for kidney health (potensi tanaman kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus) untuk kesehatan ginjal). Journal of Health and Dental Sciences. 2022;2(3):387-404. https://doi.org/10.54052/jhds.v2n3.p387-404
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 01-10-2024 (2)
- 30-09-2024 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Heeravathy Ramachandran, Zaidah Rahmat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
