Impact of salt stress on physiological traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4282Keywords:
electrolyte leakage, Na and K content, proline, RWC, SOD, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that limits plant growth and development globally, primarily due to the use of low-quality irrigation water and soil salinization caused by seawater intrusion. This study examines physiological parameters, antioxidant enzymes and the K/Na ratio in response to salt stress in various tomato genotypes at a salinity level of 8 dS m-1 during the vegetative stage. Specifically, it investigates superoxide dismutase activity, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, proline content, chlorophyll fluorescence and potassium and sodium ion content in roots, shoots and leaves. The results revealed significant variation in salt tolerance among the different genotypes. Genotypes LE-14 and LE-1 demonstrated superior performance under salt stress, displaying higher relative water content, reduced electrolyte leakage, increased superoxide dismutase activity, elevated proline content and favorable K/Na ratios. Principal component analysis showed significant eigenvalues, accounting for 72.5% of the total variability. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of salt tolerance in tomato crops and highlight the potential of LE-14 and LE-1 for cultivation in saline environments. The study emphasizes the importance of conducting field trials to validate these results for sustainable production in saltaffected areas.
Downloads
References
Amini F, Ehsanpour AA. Soluble proteins, proline, carbohydrates and Na+/K+ changes in two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars under in vitro salt stress. Ameri J Biochem Biotechnol. 2005;1(4):204-08. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2005.204.208.
Bongi G, Loreto F. Gas-exchange properties of salt stressed olive (Olea europea L.) leaves. Plant Physiol. 1989;90(4):1408-16. https:// doi.org/10.1104/pp.90.4.1408
Munns R, Gilliham M. Salinity tolerance of crops-what is the cost. New Phytol. 2015;208:668-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13519
Deinlein U, Stephan AB, Horie T, Luo W, Xu G, Schroeder JI. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. Trends Plant Sci. 2014;19(6):371-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2014.02.001
Cuartero J, Fernandez MR. Tomato and salinity. Scientia Hortic. 1999;78:83-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00191-5.
Kumar M, Vanitha K. Influence of salinity levels on seedling parameters of different tomato genotypes. Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 2023;52(2):307-14. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i2.67028
Sanchez FJ, Andres EF, Tenorio JL, Ayerbe L. Growth of epicotyls, turgor maintenance and osmotic adjustment in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) subjected to water stress. Field Crop Res. 2004;86:81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00121-7
Szalai G, Janda T, Padi E, Szigeti Z. Role of light in post-chilling symptoms in maize. J Plant Physiol. 1996;148:378-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80269-0
Schreiber U. Pulse-amplitude (RAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method in chlorophyll fluorescence: A signature of photosynthesis. Papageorgiou G, Govindjee, editors. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2004;279-319. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3218-9
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 1973;39:205-07. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00018060
Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedure for agricultural research. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 680. p.
Maggio A, Raimondi G, Martino A. Salt stress response in tomato beyond the salinity tolerance threshold. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2007;59(3):276-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.02.002
Kongsri S, Boonprakob U, Byrne DH. Assessment of morphological and physiological responses of peach rootstocks under drought and aluminium stress. Acta Horticulturae. 2014;1059:229-36. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1059.30
Sairam RK, Rao KV, Srivastava GC. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Sci. 2002;163(5):1037-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00278-9
Neocleous D, Vasilakakis M. Effects of NaCl stress on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 2007;112(3):282-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.12.025
Ashraf M, Ali Q. Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2008;63(1-3):266-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.11.008
Mahmoudi H, Kaddour R, Huang J, Nasri N, Olfa B, Rah S, et al. Varied tolerance to NaCl salinity is related to biochemical changes in two contrasting lettuce genotypes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2011;33:1613-22.
Hnilickova H, Hnilicka F, Orsak M, Hejnak V. Effect of salt stress on growth, electrolyte leakage, Na+ and K+ content in selected plant species. Plant Soil and Environment. 2019;65:90-96. https://doi.org/10.17221/620/2018-PSE
Huang B, DaCosta M, Jiang Y. Research advances in mechanisms of grass tolerance to abiotic stress from physiology to molecular biology. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2014;33:141-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2014.870411
Wu W, Zhang Q, Ervin EH, Yang Z, Zhang X. Physiological mechanism of enhancing salt stress tolerance of perennial ryegrass by 24-epibrassinolide. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:1017. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01017
Nur-Ichik A. Effect of NaCl stress on antioxidant defense system in lentil. Master of Science [Thesis]. Istanbul University, Turkey; 2004
RiosRios-Gonzalez K, Erdei L, Lips SH. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in maize and sunflower seedling as affected by salinity and different nitrogen sources. Plant Sci. 2002;162(6):923-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00040-7
Ashraf M, Harris PJC. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci. 2004;166(1):3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.10.024
Kim J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao B, Childs K. Analysis of salt-induced physiological and proline changes in 46 switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) lines indicates multiple responses modes. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2016;105:203-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.020
Sannada Y, Ueda H, Kuribayashi K, Andoh T, Hayashi F, Tamai N et al. Novel light-dark change of proline levels in halophyte (Mesembranthemum crystallinum L.), glycophytes (Hordeum vulgare L and Triticum aestivum L.) leaves and roots under salt stress. Plant Cell. 1995;36:965-70.
Belkhodja M, Benkablia M. Proline response of faba bean under salt stress. Egypt Journal of Agriculture Research. 2000;78:185-95. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJAR.2000.321519
Maggio A, Miyazaki S, Veronese P, Fujita T, Ibeas JI, Damsz B, et al. Does proline accumulation play an active role in stress induced growth reduction. Plant J. 2002;31(6):699-712. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01389.x
Li M, Yang D, Li W. Leaf gas exchange characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of three wetland plants in response to long-term soil flooding. Photosynthetica. 2007;45(2):222-28. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11099-007-0036-y
DeEll JR, van Kooten O, Prange RK, Murr DP. Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence techniques in postharvest physiology. Horticulture Revue. 1999;23:69-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650752.ch2
Munns R. Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypotheses. Plant Cell Envir. 1993;16:15-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00840.x
Fariduddin Q, Khalil RRAE, Mir BA, Yusuf M, Ahmad A. 24-Epibrassinolide regulates photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities and proline content of Cucumis sativus under salt and/or copper stress. Environ Monit Assess. 2013;185:7845-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3139-x
Sun S, An M, Han L, Yin S. Foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide improved salt stress tolerance of perennial ryegrass. HortScience. 2015;50:1518-23. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.10.1518
Rus AM, Estan MT, Gisbert C, Garcia Garcia-Sogo B, Serrano R, Caro M, et al. Expressing the yeast HAL1 gene in tomato increases fruit yield and enhances K+/Na+ selectivity under salt stress. Plant Cell Environ. 2001;24:875-80. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00719.x
Aktas H, Abak K, Cakmak I. Genotypic variation in the response of pepper to salinity. Sci Hortic. 2006;110(3):260-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.07.017.
Grattan SR, Grieve CM. Salinity–mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Sci Hortic. 1999;78:127-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00192-7
Sivritepe N, Sivritepe HO, Eris A. The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings grown under saline conditions. Sci Hortic. 2003;97:229-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(02)00198-X
Savvas D, Lenz F. Effect of NaCl or nutrient-induced salinity on growth, yield and composition of eggplant grown in rock wool. Sci Hort. 2000;84:37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00117-X
Yildirim E, Taylor AG, Spittler TD. Ameliorative effects of biological treatments on growth of squash plants under salt stress. Sci Hortic. 2006;111(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.08.003
Neocleous D, Savvas D. NaCl accumulation and macronutrient uptake by a melon crop in a closed hydroponic system in relation to water uptake. Agric Water Manage. 2016;165:22-32.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 13-02-2025 (2)
- 06-02-2025 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 M Kumar, K Vanitha, A Sankari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
