Microbial and enzymatic activity as influenced by existing cropping pattern in the soils of Ganges floodplain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.3.545Keywords:
respiration, rease activity, microbial biomass, Cropping patternAbstract
Effect of multi cropping (Potato-Jute-Sweetgourd-T.Aman, Sweet gourd-Brinjal-Jute, Cauliflower-Radish-Lentil-Basil, Jute-Lentil-Mustard-Wheat and Sweetgourd-Turnip, designated as P-J-S-T, S-B-J, C-R-L-B, J-L-M-W and S-T, respectively) and mono cropping systems (orchard of Lychee, Teak, Turmeric and Banana) on microbial and enzymatic activity of Ganges floodplain soil was investigated. Organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil respiration, total nitrogen and urease activity (UA) of the soils were examined. Upon examination it was observed that soils under mono cropping pattern (Lychee, Teak, and Banana) showed significantly (p?0.05) higher MBC, MBN and UA than those under multi cropping pattern. Highest values of MBC and UA found in teak plant were 95.44 milligram/kilogram (mgkg-1) and 6.51µg N released g-1day-1 respectively while for multi cropping pattern the respective values were 37.52 mgkg-1 and 2.23 µg N released g-1day-1 found in S-T and J-L-M-W cropping pattern. The highest MBN (12.70 mgkg-1) was obtained in soil where lychee was practiced. Multi cropping soil showed significantly (p?0.05) higher respiration rate than mono cropping soil and the highest rate was found 508.75 mg CO2 g-1day-1 in J-M-L-W cropping pattern. Turmeric showed the lowest respiration rate (120.75 mg CO2 g-1day-1) among the cropping pattern studied. Both MBC and UA showed positively significant relation with soil organic carbon, and total N at 0.01 % level. High microbial and enzymatic activity of mono cropping soil represent combined effect of vegetation and low tillage practices in soil.
Downloads
References
2. Powlson DS, Brookes PC, Christensen BT. Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in the total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1987; 19:159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(87)90076-9
3. Dahm H. Generic composition and physiological and cultural properties of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Acta Microbiologica Polonica 1984; 33(2):147-156.
4. Burns RG. The rhizosphere: microbial and enzymatic gradient and prospects for manipulation. Pedologie 1985; 35(3): 283-295.
5. Alef K, Nannipieri P. Enzyme activities, in: Methods in applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry (eds. K. Alef, P. Nannipieri). Academic Press, London, New York: San Francisco; 1995.
6. Krämer S, Green DM. Acid and alkaline phosphatase dynamics and their relationship to soil microclimate in a semiarid woodland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2000; 32:179-188.
7. Bandick AK, Dick RP. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil biology and Biochemistry 1999; 31:1471-1479. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00051-6
8. Fernandes AR, Mira NP, Vargas RC, Canelhas I, Sá-Correia I. Saccharomyces cerevisiae adaptation to weak acids involves the transcription factor Haa1p and Haa1p-regulated genes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2005; 337(1):95-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.010
9. Zhang B, He H, Ding X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang X, Filley TR. Soil microbial community dynamics over a maize (Zea mays L.) growing season under conventional-and no-tillage practices in a rainfed agroecosystem. Soil and Tillage Research 2012; 124:153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011
10. Piper CS. Soil and Plant Analysis The University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide: Australia; 1950.
11. Baethgen WE, Alley MM. A manual colorimetric procedure for measuring ammonium nitrogen in soil and plant Kjeldahl digests. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 1989; 20(9-10): 961-969. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628909368129
12. Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1987; 19:703-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(87)90052-6
13. Tabatabai MA, Bremner JM. Assay of urease activity in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1972; 4:479-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(72)90064-8
14. Anderson JM, Ingram JS. Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility: A Handbook of Methods. 2nd ed. Information press, Eynsham: UK; 1993.
15. Anderson JM, Domsch KH. Application of eco physiological quotients (qCO2 and qD) on microbial biomass from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1990; 22:251-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90094-G
16. Jackson ML. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi; 1973.
17. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). Soil Survey Laboratory Manual, soil survey investigation report no. 42, version 4.0, USDA-NRCS, Nebraska: USDA; 2004.
18. Pansu M, Gautheyrou J. Handbook of soil analysis: mineralogical, organic and inorganic methods. Springer Science and Business Media 2007 Apr 18.
19. Day PR. Particle fraction and particle size analysis. In: Black AC, Evans DD, Ensminger LE, White JL, Clark FE, editors. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I. American Society of Agronomy: Madison 1965. p. 545 – 566.
20. Omay AB, Rice CW, Maddux LD, Gordon WB. Changes in soil microbial and chemical properties under long-term crop rotation and fertilization. Soil Science Society of America Journal 1997; 61:1672-1678. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100060019x
21. Cong WF, Hoffland E, Li L, Janssen BH, Van der Werf W. Intercropping affects the rate of decomposition of soil organic matter and root litter. Plant and Soil 2015; 391(1-2):399-411.
22. Liu X, Herbert SJ, Hashemi AM, Zhang X, Ding G. Effects of agricultural management on soil organic matter and carbon transformation – a review. Plant and Soil Environment 2006; 52(12):531-543.
23. Chen S, Huang Y. Soil respiration and N2O emission in croplands under different ploughing practices: a case study in south-east China. Australian Journal of Soil Research 2009; 47(2):198-205. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR07225
24. Kabiri V, Raiesi F, Ghazavi MA. Tillage effects on soil microbial biomass, SOM mineralization and enzyme activity in a semi-arid Calcixerepts. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2016; 232:73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.022
25. Alvear M, Rosas A, Rouanet JL, Borie F. Effects of three soil tillage systems on some biological activities in an Ultisol from southern Chile. Soil and Tillage Research 2005;82(2):195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.06.002
26. Jin K, Sleutel S, Buchan D, De Neve S, Cai DX, Gabriels D, Jin JY. Changes of soil enzyme activities under different tillage practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil and Tillage Research 2009; 104(1):115-20.
27. Franzluebbers AJ. Soil organic matter stratification ratio as an indicator of soil quality. Soil and Tillage Research 2002; 66:95-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00018-1
28. Shresta, RK, Lal R, Jacinthe PA, Enhancing carbon and nitrogen sequestration in reclaimed soils through organic amendments and chiseling. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2009; 73:1004-1011.
29. Goyal, S, Sakamoto K, Inubushi L, Kamaewada K, Long-term effects of inorganic fertilization and organic amendments on soil organic matter and soil microbial properties in Andisols. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 2006; 52(6):617-625.
30. Kennedi AC, Smith KL. Soil microbial diversity and the sustainability of agricultural soils. Plant and Soil 1995; 170:75-86.
31. Miller M, Dick RP. Thermal stability and activities of soil enzymes as influenced by crop rotations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1995; 27:1161-1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00045-G
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
