Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 11 No. sp4 (2024): Recent Advances in Agriculture by Young Minds - I

Optimizing land configuration and weed management practices for enhanced productivity of pigeon pea

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5468
Submitted
2 October 2024
Published
24-12-2024 — Updated on 15-04-2025
Versions

Abstract

A field investigation was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to evaluate the effects of various land configurations and weed management practices on the productivity of pigeon pea. The study aimed
to identify the most effective land configuration and weed management strategy to optimize pigeon pea growth and yield. The experiment comprised 15 treatment combinations arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. It included 3 land configurations (L1- flatbed, L2- ridges and furrows, L3- broad bed furrow (BBF)]. 5 weed management practices were tested: [W1- weedy check, W2- two-hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), W3- pre-emergence pendimethalin at 0.75 kg active ingredient ha-1 followed by hand weeding at 30 DAS, W4- pre-emergence pendimethalin at 0.75 kg active ingredient. ha-1 followed by early postemergence imazethapyr at 60 g active ingredient ha-1, W5- pendimethalin at 0.75 kg active ingredient ha-1 followed by power weeder at 30 DAS followed by post-emergence quizalofop ethyl at 50 g active ingredient ha-1). The results indicated that, in comparison to ridge and furrow (L2) and flatbed (L1) layouts, the BBF (L3) configuration significantly reduced weed biomass and density. This configuration achieved superior weed control efficiency (WCE) and weed control index (WCI), resulting in enhanced crop growth and yield. Among the weed management practices, W5 (pendimethalin at 0.75 kg active ingredient ha-1 followed by power weeder at 30 DAS and post-emergence quizalofop ethyl at 50 g active ingredient ha-1 ) proved the most effective. It significantly reduced weed population and biomass while promoting robust crop growth. In conclusion, pigeon pea grown under the BBF (L3) configuration, combined with the integrated weed management (IWM) strategy of W5, recorded the highest crop growth and yield. This combination effectively improves pigeon pea productivity by integrating appropriate land configurations with efficient weed management practices.

References

  1. Kumar Y, Basu S, Goswami D, Devi M, Shivhare US, Vishwakarma RK. Anti-nutritional compounds in pulses: Implications and alleviation methods. Legum Sci. 2022;4(2):e111. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.111
  2. Saxena RK, Saxena KB, Varshney RK. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.): An ideal crop for sustainable agriculture. In: Al-Khayri J, Jain S, Johnson D, editors. Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes. Springer, Cham. 2019. p. 409-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_11
  3. Agriculture - Pigeon pea area, production and yield in India [Internet]. Indiastat; 2023. [cited 20 Aug 2024]. https://www.indiastat.com
  4. Ye CY, Fan L. Orphan crops and their wild relatives in the Genomic Era. Mol Plant. 2021;14(1):27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.12.013
  5. Faris DG, Singh U. Pigeon pea: Nutrition and products. In: Nene YL, Hall SD Sheila VK, editors. The Pigeon pea. CAB International, Wallingford; 1990. p. 401-34. cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19911437454
  6. Aruna T, Devindra S. Nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics of two varieties of red gram (Cajanus cajan L) Seeds. Int J Sci Res Publ. 2016;6(9):567-572.
  7. Singh PK, Gharde Y, Choudhary VK. Adoption of integrated weed management practices correlates with farmers profile characteristics. Ind J Weed Sci. 2018;50(1):69-71. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2018.00015.1
  8. Garud HS, Asewar BV, Pawar SU, Mirza IAB. Yield and economics of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations. Agric Sci Dig. 2018;38(4):275-79. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-4741
  9. Rao AN, Singh RG, Mahajan G, Wani SP. Weed research issues, challenges and opportunities in India. Crop Prot. 2020;134:104451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.02.003
  10. Barod NK, Kumar S, Dhakaand AK, Irfan M. Effect of intercropping systems on economics and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and greengram (Vigna radiate L.) under Western Haryana condition. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(3):2240-47. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.256
  11. Vasave JB, Deshmukh SP, Sisodiya RR. Critical period of crop-weed competition in pigeon pea under South Gujarat condition. Pharma Innov. 2023;12(8):2041-43.
  12. Singh AK, Singh RS, Singh AK, Kumar R, Kumawat N, Singh NK, et al. Effect of weed management on weed interference, nutrient depletion by weeds and production potential of long duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) under irrigated ecosystem. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2020;9(1):676-89. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.901.073
  13. Chandel SKS, Singh BK, Singh AK, Singh B, Kumar A, Akash. Effect of chemical and mechanical weed management on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production and relative composition of weed under Varanasi Region, Uttar Pradesh. Int J Plant and Soil Sci. 2022;34(22):1201-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2022/v34i2231487
  14. Singh V, Jat ML, Ganie ZA, Chauhan BS, Gupta RK. Herbicide options for effective weed management in dry direct-seeded rice under scented rice-wheat rotation of western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Crop Prot. 2016;81:168-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.12.021
  15. Tomar DS, Jha AK, Verma B, Meshram RK, Porwal M, Chouhan M, et al. Comparative efficacy of different herbicidal combinations on weed growth and yield attributes of wheat. Int J Environ Clim Change. 2023;13(8):889-98. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82025
  16. Hajari RV, Patel GJ. Effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield in soybean pigeonpea intercropping system and its residual effect on succeeding crops. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2020;9(09):2328-37. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.291
  17. Qasem JR. Herbicides applications: Problems and considerations. In: Kortekamp A, editor. Herbicides and environment. IntechOpen; 2011. p. 643-664. https://doi/full/10.5772/12960
  18. Singh G, Virk HK, Khanna V. Weed management in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] through sole and combined application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides. J Crop Weed. 2018;14(2):162-67.
  19. Hussain MI, Abideen Z, Danish S, Asghar MA, Iqbal K. Integrated weed management for sustainable agriculture. In: Lichtfouse E, editor. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Springer, Cham; 2021. p. 367-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73245-5_11
  20. Ramesh T, Rathika S, Nagarajan G, Shanmugapriya P. Land configuration and nitrogen management for enhancing the crop productivity: A review. Pharma Innov. 2020;9(7):222-30.
  21. Desai NC, Ardeshna RB, Intwala CG. Increasing pigeonpea productivity by providing land configuration in vertisols. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter. 2000;7:66-67.
  22. Garud HS, Asewar BV, Dhawan AS, Gokhale DN, Mirza IAB. Productivity and soil moisture conservation studies of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations. Legume Res. 2019;42(3):365-9. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4093
  23. Kumar A, Singh R, Singh T, Dass A, Arora K, Reddy MB. Effect of land configuration and weed management practices on weeds, productivity and profitability of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). Indian J Ecol. 2023;50(3):641-5. https://doi.org/10.55362/IJE/2023/3945
  24. Mani VS, Chakraborty TK, Gautam KC. Double-edged weed killers in peas. Indian Farming. 1976;26(5):19-21. cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19772318001
  25. Rao PV, Reddy AS, Ramana MV. Effect of land configuration and weed management on performance of urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) hepper]. Legume Res. 2022;45(2):232-6. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4241
  26. Kathirvelan P. Influence of weed management on weed dynamics and yield of machine sown pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] under dryland conditions. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(11):3237-45. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.379
  27. Hirapara KV, Chovatia PK, Gajera JB. Enhancing productivity of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) by weed management under climate crisis condition. Pharma Innov. 2023;12(9):908-11.
  28. Das SK, Biswas B, Moinuddin G, Hansda A. Effect of integrated and purely chemical weed management practices on yield attributing characters, yield, weed density, weed dry weight and total microbial population in soil of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Ecol Environ Conserv. 2016;22:S57-S80.
  29. Nibhoria A, Singh B, Kumar J, Soni JK, AK Dehinwal, Kaushik N. Enhancing productivity and profitability of pearl millet through mechanized interculture, suitable crop geometry and agro-chemicals under rainfed conditions. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 2021;52(01):2819-30.
  30. Rathore RS, Singh RP, Nawange DD. Effect of land configuration, seed rates and fertilizer doses on growth and yield of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Legume Res. 2010;33(4):274-78.
  31. Pandey IB, Tiwari S, Pandey RK, Kumar R. Effect of bed configuration, fertilizer levels and placement method on the productivity of long duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) under rainfed condition. J Food Legumes. 2014;27(3):206-9.
  32. Kantwa SR, Ahlawat IPS, Gangaiah B. Effect of land configuration, post-monsoon irrigation and phosphorus on performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Indian J Agron. 2005;50(4):278-80.
  33. Pagar PA, Patil DK, Bantewad SD, Jahagirdar JE, Gosavi SV. Integrated weed management in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsap]. J Food Legumes. 2019;32(1):23-7.
  34. Singh RS, Sandya NR. Effect of weed management practices on growth and yield of long duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.). Ecol Environ Conserv. 2016;22:S157-S160.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.