Unveiling the photosynthesis and translocation efficiency in Indian foxtail millet genotypes to dissect tolerance to interactive drought and high temperature stress

S Gowsiga; D Vijayalakshmi; A Vinitha; S Srividhya; R Sivakumar; K Iyanar; E Kokiladevi; U Sivakumar

doi:10.14719/pst.5973

Authors

Gowsiga S Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4519-0246
Vijayalakshmi D Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-2548
Vinitha A Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6173-3041
Srividhya S ICAR- Indian Institute of Millet Research, Hyderabad 500 030, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1488-0323
Sivakumar R Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-9940
Iyanar K Department of Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-722X
Kokiladevi E Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-9009
Sivakumar U Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-1317

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5973

Keywords:

drought, dry matter translocation, foxtail millet, high temperature, photosynthetic rate, yield

Abstract

Foxtail millet, a C4 cereal, is predominantly grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia. Its yield is significantly reduced due to drought and high-temperature stresses. This yield reduction primarily occurs due to a lack of allocation of assimilates produced during photosynthesis to maturing grain when exposed to abiotic stress. To address this issue, a field study was conducted under a rain-out shelter using 24 genotypes, including four checks to assess the genetic variability in photosynthetic rate, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, dry matter translocation, translocation efficiency and contribution rate when drought and heat stress was imposed from peak vegetative to mid grain filling period. The diverse genotypes were classified as tolerant (Group I) and susceptible (Group II) genotypes using the photosynthetic rate. The genotypes with photosynthetic rates of > 29 µmol m-2 sec-1 were grouped into a tolerant category. The genotype ISe-15 was identified as tolerant based on higher values recorded for dry matter translocation (5.11 g plant-1), translocation efficiency (33.80 g plant-1) and contribution rate (27.47 g plant-1) under interactive stress. The genotype IC0479711 was identified as susceptible with low photosynthetic rate (24.2 µmol m-2 sec-1) coupled with less TE (6.78 g plant-1). Thus, the study concluded that foxtail millet genotypes with higher photosynthetic rates coupled with the efficient translocation of assimilates for grain filling under stress can tolerate combined drought and high-temperature stress.

Downloads

References

Wang Y, Li L, Tang S, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhi H et al. Combined small RNA and degradome sequencing to identify miRNAs and their targets in response to drought in foxtail millet. BMC Genet. 2016; 17:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0364-7

Loni F, Ismaili A, Nakhoda B, Darzi RH, Shobbar ZS. The genomic regions and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance and yield-related traits in foxtail millet: an integrative meta-analysis approach. Plant Growth Regul. 2023;101(1):169-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-023-01010-3

Singh RK, Prasad M. Foxtail millet: a climate-resilient crop species with potential to ensure food and agriculture security amidst global climate change. Int J Plant Env. 2020;6(03):165-9. https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v6i03.01

Numan M, Serba DD, Ligaba-Osena A. Alternative strategies for multi-stress tolerance and yield improvement in millets. Genes. 2021;12(5):739. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12050739

Meena RP, Joshi D, Bisht JK, Kant L. Global scenario of millets cultivation. Millets and millet technology. 2021;33-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0676-2_2

Kamatchi KM, Anitha K, Kumar KA, Senthil A, Kalarani MK, Djanaguiraman M. Impacts of combined drought and high-temperature stress on growth, physiology, and yield of crops. Plant Physiol Rep. 2024;29(1):28-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-023-00754-4

Narayanan S. Effects of high temperature stress and traits associated with tolerance in wheat. Open Access J Sci. 2018;2(3):177. https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00067

Fahad S, Bajwa AA, Nazir U, Anjum SA, Farooq A, Zohaib A, et al. Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Front Plant Sci. 2017; 8:1147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01147

Moore CE, Meacham-Hensold K, Lemonnier P, Slattery RA, Benjamin C, Bernacchi CJ, et al. The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystems. J Exp Bot. 2021;72(8):2822-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab090

Kim J, Shon J, Lee CK, Yang W, Yoon Y, Yang WH, et al. Relationship between grain filling duration and leaf senescence of temperate rice under high temperature. Field Crops Res. 2011;122(3):207-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.03.014

Matsuura A, Tsuji W, An P, Inanaga S, Murata K. Effect of pre-and post-heading water deficit on growth and grain yield of four millets. Plant Prod Sci. 2012; 15(4):323-31. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.15.323

Aidoo MK, Bdolach E, Fait A, Lazarovitch N, Rachmilevitch S. Tolerance to high soil temperature in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is related to shoot and root growth and metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2016;106:73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.038

Ayyavu V, Dhashnamurthi V, Venugopal BR. Controlled environment and field evaluation of heat stress induced genetic variability on translocation efficiency and grain filling traits in rice. J Crop Sci Biotechnol. 2022;25(5):535-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-022-00149-1

Sailaja B, Subrahmanyam D, Neelamraju S, Vishnukiran T, Rao YV, Vijayalakshmi P, et al. Integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis identifies important traits and mechanisms associated with differential response of rice genotypes to elevated temperature. Front Plant Sci. 2015;6:1044. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.01044

Shi P, Zhu Y, Tang L, Chen J, Sun T, Cao W, et al. Differential effects of temperature and duration of heat stress during anthesis and grain filling stages in rice. Environ Exp Bot. 2016;132:28-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2016.08.006

Prasad PV, Djanaguiraman M, Perumal R, Ciampitti IA. Impact of high temperature stress on floret fertility and individual grain weight of grain sorghum: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration. Front Plant Sci. 2015;6:820. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00820

Manivannan N. TNAUSTAT-Statistical package. 2014. https://sites.google.com/site/tnaustat

Paul P, Dhatt BK, Sandhu J, Hussain W, Irvin L, Morota G, et al. Divergent phenotypic response of rice accessions to transient heat stress during early seed development. Plant Direct. 2020;4(1):e00196. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.196

Ashraf MH, Harris PJ. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview. Photosynthetica. 2013;51:163-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0021-6

Yang X, Liu R, Jing M, Zhang N, Liu C, Yan J. Variation of root soluble sugar and starch response to drought stress in foxtail millet. Agronomy. 2023;13(2):359. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020359

Edreira JI, Otegui ME. Heat stress in temperate and tropical maize hybrids: Differences in crop growth, biomass partitioning and reserves use. Field Crops Res. 2012;130:87-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.02.009

Blum A, Sinmena B, Mayer J, Golan G, Shpiler L. Stem reserve mobilisation supports wheat-grain filling under heat stress. Funct Plant Biol. 1994;21(6):771-81. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9940771

Suneetha S, Seenaiah R, Babu K, Veena IK, Thimma NS. Gas Exchange Responses of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Under Drought Stress at Grain Filling Stage. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022;11: 3115-3137.

Sofield I, Evans LT, Cook MG, Wardlaw IF. Factors influencing the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat. Aust J plant Physiol. 2019;4(5):785-97. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9770785

Rahman MA, Chikushi J, Yoshida S, Karim AJ. Growth and yield components of wheat genotypes exposed to high temperature stress under control environment. Bangladesh J Agric Res. 2009;34(3):360-72. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3961

Yousaf MI, Riaz MW, Jiang Y, Yasir M, Aslam MZ, Hussain S, et al. Concurrent effects of drought and heat stresses on physio-chemical attributes, antioxidant status and kernel quality traits in maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:898823. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.898823

Opole RA, Prasad PV, Djanaguiraman M, Vimala K, Kirkham MB, Upadhyaya HD. Thresholds, sensitive stages and genetic variability of finger millet to high temperature stress. J Agron Crop Sci. 2018;204(5):477-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12279

Djanaguiraman M, Perumal R, Ciampitti IA, Gupta SK, Prasad PV. Quantifying pearl millet response to high temperature stress: thresholds, sensitive stages, genetic variability and relative sensitivity of pollen and pistil. Plant Cell Environ. 2018;41(5):993-1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12931

Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Fujit M. Extreme temperature responses, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plants. Abiotic Stress - Plant Responses and Applications in Agriculture [Internet]. InTech; 2013. https://doi.org/10.5772/54833