Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Early Access

Dose-dependent suppression of Meloidogyne incognita and enhancement of antioxidant defense in banana plants by Millettia pachyloba Drake leaf extract

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.9610
Submitted
25 May 2025
Published
26-03-2026

Abstract

This greenhouse study evaluated the dual nematicidal and antioxidant potential of the aqueous leaf extract of Millettia pachyloba Drake in banana (Musa spp.) infested by Meloidogyne incognita. Banana plants were treated with increasing extract concentrations (200–500 ppm) and compared with a nematicide (oxamyl, 30 ppm) and a water control. Nematode control efficiency (NCE), plant growth, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant indicators were assessed. The extract suppressed M. incognita in a clear concentration-dependent manner, with NCE reaching 40.19 ± 0.46 % at 500 ppm (p = 0.0176) and strong negative correlations between dose and nematode infection parameters (generally r ≤ -0.97). Pseudostem height showed the strongest growth response, increasing by approximately 36.4 % between 200 and 500 ppm (p < 0.05), whereas diameter and biomass improved more moderately. Extract application reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots (e.g., MDA: r = -0.9909, p = 0.0137), while enhancing enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and non-enzymatic (GSH, GSH/GSSG) antioxidant systems. These integrated responses suggest that aqueous M. pachyloba leaf extract may serve as a promising dual-function, plant-derived input that could contribute to M. incognita suppression and mitigation of nematode-induced oxidative damage in banana, although field validation is still required.

References

  1. 1. Leonel S, Leonel M, Rodrigues de Jesus PR, Tecchio MA, de Souza Silva M, Cândido HT, et al. Achievements of banana (Musa sp.) based intercropping systems in improving crop sustainability. Horticulturae. 2024;10(9):956. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090956
  2. 2. Meidani C, Telioglanidis K, Giannoutsou E, Ntalli N, Adamakis IDS. Meloidogyne incognita induced giant cells in tomato and the impact of acetic acid. Plants. 2025;14(7):1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071015
  3. 3. Tzean Y, Wang KT, Chen EG, Wang HW, Wu TM, Liu CA. Antioxidant responses and growth impairment in Cucurbita moschata infected by Meloidogyne incognita. Biology. 2024;13(4):267. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040267
  4. 4. Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1269581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581
  5. 5. Hasan MS, Lin CJ, Marhavy P, Kyndt T, Siddique S. Redox signalling in plant nematode: insights into molecular crosstalk and defense mechanisms. Plant Cell Environ. 2024;47(8):2811-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14925
  6. 6. Ibrahim H, Nchiozem Ngnitedem VA, Dandurand LM, Popova I. Naturally occurring nematicides of plant origin: two decades of novel chemistries. Pest Manag Sci. 2025;81(2):540–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8504
  7. 7. Abd Elgawad MMM. Integrated nematode management strategies: optimization of combined nematicidal and multi functional inputs. Plants. 2025;14(7):1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071004
  8. 8. Kumar J, Ramlal A, Mallick D, Mishra V. An overview of some biopesticides and their importance in plant protection for commercial acceptance. Plants. 2021;10(6):1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061185
  9. 9. Abebew D, Sayedain FS, Bode E, Bode HB. Uncovering nematicidal natural products from Xenorhabdus bacteria. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70(2):498-506. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05454
  10. 10. Tahir H, Sajjad M, Qian M, Ul Haq MZ, Tahir A, Farooq MA, et al. Glutathione and ascorbic acid accumulation in mango pulp under enhanced UV-B based on transcriptome. Antioxidants. 2024;13(11):1429. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111429
  11. 11. Jena R, Rath D, Rout SS, Kar DM. A review on genus Millettia: traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(12):1686-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.015
  12. 12. Iqbal N, Czékus Z, Ördög A, Poór P. Fusaric acid evoked oxidative stress affects plant defence system by inducing biochemical changes at subcellular level. Plant Cell Rep. 2024;43(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-023-03084-9
  13. 13. Meresa BK, Matthys J, Kyndt T. Biochemical defence of plants against parasitic nematodes. Plants. 2024;13(19):2813. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192813
  14. 14. Tran TPN, Le PTQ. Assessment of the insecticidal efficacy of aqueous extract of Millettia pachyloba Drake leaves against Plutella xylostella Linnaeus moth. J Plant Protect Res. 2024;64(2):165-77. https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2024.150251
  15. 15. Tran TPN, Le PTQ. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Millettia pachyloba Drake leaf aqueous extract in alleviating oxidative stress induced by diamondback moth infestation in mustard greens (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.). J Hortic Res. 2024;32(1):67-78. https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2024-0006
  16. 16. Tran TPN, Nguyen TT, Tran GB. Anti arthritis effect of aqueous extract of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) leaves against complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis model in mice. Trop. Life Sci. Res. 2023;34(3):237-57. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.13
  17. 17. Tran TTPN, Le PTQ. Aqueous extract of Caryota urens Lour fruits alleviates oxidative stress in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2024;8(4):6948-56. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i4.28
  18. 18. Fan M, Li J, Dai K, Liu M, Zhou W, Zhang L, Lin S. Root knot density as a new index can quantitatively diagnose the damage of root nematodes to plant growth. Agronomy. 2023;13(1):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010136
  19. 19. Mi J, Ren X, Shi J, Wang F, Wang Q, Pang H, et al. An insight into the different responses to salt stress in the growth characteristics of two legume species during seedling growth. Front Plant Sci. 2024;14:1342219. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1342219
  20. 20. Pereira de Lima E, Laurindo LF, Catharin VCS, Direito R, Tanaka M, German IJS, et al. Polyphenols, alkaloids and terpenoids against neurodegeneration: evaluating the neuroprotective effects of phytocompounds through a comprehensive review of the current evidence. Metabolites. 2025;15(2):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020124
  21. 21. Sarri K, Mourouzidou S, Ntalli N, Monokrousos N. Recent advances and developments in the nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against root knot nematodes. Agronomy. 2024;14(1):213. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010213
  22. 22. Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed. Chapman & Hall; London; 1998
  23. 23. Tran TTPN, Le PTQ. Effectiveness of antioxidants and resistance to diamondback moth infestation in green mustard plants using aqueous extracts from Millettia pachyloba Drake leaves: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Caraka Tani J Sustain Agric. 2025;40(1):109-25. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.90957
  24. 24. Bashir K, Todaka D, Sako K, Ueda M, Aziz F, Seki M. Chemical application improves stress resilience in plants. Plant Mol Biol. 2025;115(2):47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-025-01566-w
  25. 25. Fozi V, Esmaeili H, Alizadeh A, Eghlima G, Mirjalili MH. The interaction effect of water deficit stress and seaweed extract on phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Front Plant Sci. 2024;15:1474399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1474399
  26. 26. Preijers T, Muller AE, Abdulla A, de Winter BCM, Koch BCP, Sassen SDTS. Dose individualisation of antimicrobials from a pharmacometric standpoint: the current landscape. Drugs. 2024;84(10):1167-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-024-02084-7
  27. 27. Kumar G, Nanda S, Singh SK, Kumar S, Singh D, Singh BN et al. Seaweed extracts: enhancing plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Front Mar Sci. 2024;11:1457500 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1457500

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.