Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. sp3 (2025): Advances in Plant Health Improvement for Sustainable Agriculture

Revealing the gene action of puffing-associated traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through generation mean analysis

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.10343
Submitted
28 June 2025
Published
26-12-2025

Abstract

Rice is the primary source of nutrition for billions of people and is one of the world's oldest and most significant staple foods. In addition to yield, it is equally essential to preserve quality. Puffed rice is a traditional, affordable and widely available prebiotic cuisine that stands out among the numerous rice-based products. A more profound comprehension of the genetic factors and physicochemical properties influencing puffing yield can significantly enhance production efficiency. The present study elucidates the genetics of 14 traits viz. days to initial flowering (DF), panicle length (PL), number of productive tillers per plant (NPT), number of filled grains per panicle (NFG), kernel length (KL), kernel breadth (KB), kernel L/B ratio (L/B ratio), plant height (PH), test weight (TW), single plant yield (SPY), puffing yield (PY), bulk density (BD), expansion volume (EV), expansion ratio (ER) by employing generation mean analysis in two crosses (Kuliyadichan × ASD 19 and ACK 15004 × Bhavani). The individual scaling and joint scaling tests were used to evaluate the adequacy of the additive dominance mode in addition to testing in the A, B, C and D scales. Epistatic interaction was observed for DF, PH, NPT, PL, NFG, puffing yield and KL of both crosses. Duplicate epistasis was predominant for the traits such as, PL, number of productive tillers, number of filled grains/ panicle, KL, L/B ratio, PH, TW, puffing yield and BD. Meanwhile, the traits such as KB and SPY showed complementary epistasis. Traits governed by epistatic gene action can be improved when the selection process is delayed until later generations are born. However, selection for traits governed by additive gene action can be effectively practised at the early breeding stages.

References

  1. 1. Rosell CM, Marco C. Rice. In: Arendt EK, Dal Bello F, editors. Gluten-free cereal products and beverages. San Diego: Academic Press; 2008. p. 81–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012373739-7.50006-X
  2. 2. Kamaraddi V, Prakash J. Assessment of suitability of selected rice varieties for production of expanded rice. Cogent Food Agric. 2015;1(1):1112675. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2015.1112675
  3. 3. Saha S, Roy A. Selecting high amylose rice variety for puffing: correlation between physicochemical parameters and sensory preferences. Meas Food. 2022;5:100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meafoo.2021.100021
  4. 4. Chandrasekhar PR, Chattopadhyay PK. Rice puffing in relation to varietal characteristics and processing conditions. J Food Process Eng. 1991;14(4):261–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1991.tb00136.x
  5. 5. Chandrika. Genetic studies of puffing quality in rice through morphological and biochemical markers [thesis]. Coimbatore: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; 2022.
  6. 6. Mather K. Biometrical genetics. London: Methuen & Co; 1949. p. 162.
  7. 7. Hayman BI. The separation of epistatic from additive and dominance variation in generation means. Heredity. 1958;12:371–390. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1958.36
  8. 8. Sravan T, Jaiswal HK. Heterosis and inbreeding depression in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Trends Biosci. 2017;10(8):1677–87.
  9. 9. Krishna L, Chandra Mohan Y, Sudheer Kumar S. Combining ability analysis for grain yield and quality characters in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6:3185–89.
  10. 10. Solanke AC, Patel PB, Patel PK. Generation mean analysis for yield and its contributing traits in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pharma Innov J. 2019;8(8):5–9. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.184
  11. 11. Ganapati RK, Rasul MG, Sarker U, Singha A, Faruquee M. Gene action of yield and yield contributing traits of submergence tolerant rice in Bangladesh. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2020;44:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0261-0
  12. 12. Verma RS, Yadav RDS, Giri SP. Genetics of yield and its important components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Oryza. 2006;43:101–05.
  13. 13. Hasib KM, Ganguli PK, Kole PC. Genetic analysis of some quantitative characters in aromatic rice involving induced mutants. Trop Agric Res Ext. 2002;5:105–10.
  14. 14. Kumar A. Generation mean analysis in relation to zinc biofortification in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [thesis]. Pusa: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University; 2020.
  15. 15. Sreelakshmi C, Babu RP. Study of gene action for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Oryza. 2022;59(1):12–19. https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.2
  16. 16. Yadav HN, Prasad R, Singh SP, Singh RP, Agrawal RK. Detection of epistasis and gene effects for quality and yield traits in rice. Oryza. 2013;50(2):115–19.
  17. 17. Murugan S, Ganesan J. Generation mean analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) crosses utilizing WA cytosteriles. Madras Agric J. 2006;93:297–301.
  18. 18. Agrawal RK, Singh SP, Yadav HN, Singh RP. Studies on epistasis and inheritance of yield and quality traits in rice employing triple test cross analysis. Oryza. 2006;43:285–89.
  19. 19. Vanisree S, Anjali K, Damodar Raju C, Surender Raju C, Sreedhar M. Variability, heritability and association analysis in scented rice. J Biol Sci Opin. 2013;1(4):347–52. https://doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.01414
  20. 20. Sharma A, Kumawat S, Kumar A, Jaiswal HK. Generation mean analysis for yield and quality traits in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Electron J Plant Breed. 2024;15(1):138–46. https://doi.org/10.37992/2024.1501.021
  21. 21. Liang KJ. Genetic effect of panicle traits of intersubspecific crosses of rice and its interaction with environment. Acta Agric Sin. 2000;26:42–48.
  22. 22. Kumar MD, Mani SC. Genetic analysis of some polygenic traits in rice. Oryza. 1998;35:204–09.
  23. 23. Kumar A, Kumar A, Mani SC. Gene action for grain yield, components and quality traits in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Oryza. 2010;47:204–09.
  24. 24. Sand AS, Lal JP. Estimation of generation mean five-parameter model for evaluation of drought tolerant rice lines. Int J Sci Footprints. 2014;2(4):1–17.
  25. 25. Adilakshmi D. Study of gene action for grain quality, physiological and yield traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [thesis]. Guntur: Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University; 2009.
  26. 26. Mahalingam L, Nadarajan N. Genetic analysis of grain quality characteristics of two-line rice hybrids. Electron J Plant Breed. 2010;1(4):983–88.
  27. 27. Divya B, Biswas A, Robin S, Rabindran R, Joel AJ. Gene interactions and genetics of blast resistance and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Genet. 2014;93:415–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-014-0395-7
  28. 28. Bano DA, Singh SP, Waza SA. Generation mean analysis for yield and quality traits in aromatic rice genotypes. Int J Pure Appl Biosci. 2017;5(6):870–78. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6055
  29. 29. Ramli AB, Rafii MY, Latif MA, Saleh GB, Omar OB, Puteh AB. Generation mean analysis of grain quality traits in rice populations with different amylose levels. J Sci Food Agric. 2016;96(5):1593–600. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7260
  30. 30. Srivastava AK, Jaiswal HK, Agrawal RK, Singh RP. Genetic architecture of yield and yield components in indigenous aromatic rice. Int J Plant Res. 2012;25(1):146–50.
  31. 31. Rani PJ, Satyanarayana PV, Chamundeswari N, Lal Ahamed M, Girija Rani M. Genetic control of quality traits in rice using six-parameter generation mean analysis. Electron J Plant Breed. 2015;6(3):658–62.
  32. 32. Gnanamalar RP, Vivekanandan P. Genetic architecture of grain quality characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Eur J Exp Biol. 2013;3(2):275–79.
  33. 33. Kumar DM, Srinivas T, Subba Rao LV, Suneetha Y, Sundaram RM, Kumari VP, et al. Generation mean analysis for yield and yield component traits in interspecific rice crosses. Agric Sci Dig. 2023;43. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-5722
  34. 34. Nayak AR, Chaudhury D, Reddy JN. Genetics of yield and yield components in scented rice. Oryza. 2007;44(3):227–30.
  35. 35. Patil DV, Thiyagarajan K, Patil PD. Scaling and joint scaling test for generation mean analysis in two-line hybrid rice. Indian J Genet Plant Breed. 2006;66:91–94.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.