Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 13 No. sp1 (2026): Recent Advances in Agriculture

Genotypic variability in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) under different photoperiodic treatments

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.11920
Submitted
22 September 2025
Published
29-01-2026

Abstract

The floriculture industry increasingly requires chrysanthemum cultivars with diverse blooming periods to ensure reliable off-season production. Accordingly, 21 genotypes were evaluated in the year 2023 under natural and controlled photoperiodic regimes in a naturally ventilated polyhouse, using a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Among the genotypes, the earliest colour bud initiation (133.29 days) was recorded in UHFSChr-143, which also produced the highest number of shoots per plant (3.83). The maximum number of cut flower stems per square meter (284.38) was obtained from UHFSChr-158, while the highest number of flowers per plant (132.08) and the heaviest single flower (5.69 g) were observed in UHFSChr-158 and UHFSChr-134 respectively. Across photoperiodic regimes, higher yields were achieved under the natural photoperiod, with averages of 3.36 shoots per plant, 87.61 flowers per plant, 227.49 cut stems per square meter and a              single-flower weight of 2.02 g. In contrast, the controlled photoperiod significantly advanced colour bud initiation (124.57 days) and flowering, with yields slightly lower than under natural conditions. Nonetheless, by enabling off-season production, controlled photoperiod offers a significant commercial advantage, as reduced yields can be offset by higher market prices. Overall, the study demonstrated substantial genotypic variability in growth and floral attributes. Natural photoperiod favoured vegetative growth and qualitative traits, whereas controlled photoperiod optimized flowering schedules while retaining sufficient yield levels, thereby enhancing production planning and profitability in off-season markets.

References

  1. 1. Hadizadeh H, Samiei L, Shakeri A. Chrysanthemum, an ornamental genus with considerable medicinal value: A comprehensive review. S Afr J Bot. 2022;144:23–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.09.007
  2. 2. Koley S, Sarkar MM. Measurement of PAR and its impact on chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). Bioscan. 2013;8(1):169–72.
  3. 3. Anonymous. Production and statistics, NHB second estimate. 2024.
  4. 4. Anonymous. Production and statistics. 2023. https://hds.hp.gov.in/
  5. 5. Cockshull KE, Kofranek AM. Long day flower initiation by chrysanthemum. HortScience. 1985;20(2):296–98. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.20.2.296
  6. 6. Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1984.
  7. 7. Sangma PM, Dhiman SR, Thakur P, Gupta YC. Effect of covering material on off-season cut flower production in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). Indian J Agric Sci. 2016;86(4):522–26. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v86i4.57535
  8. 8. Dhiman SR, Sehgal OP. Studies on year-round flower production in pot chrysanthemum. I. Effect of controlled photoperiod and growth retardants on vegetative growth. J Ornamental Hortic. 1993;1(2):21–27.
  9. 9. Pathak N. Screening of chrysanthemum cultivars for year-round flower production [PhD thesis]. Solan (India): Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry; 2002.
  10. 10. Usha. Screening of newly evolved selection of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for off-season flower production [MSc thesis]. Solan (India): Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry; 2010.
  11. 11. Abrol A, Dhiman SR, Sharma P. Effect of cultivars, growth regulators and photoperiods on production of potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. Int J Farm Sci. 2018;8(4):66–72. https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00108.8
  12. 12. Sultanpuri A, Dhiman SR, Gupta YC, Kakar R, Thakur P, Kashyap B, et al. Effect of number of plants per pot, pot spacing and photoperiod on production of pot mum chrysanthemum. J Hill Agric. 2018;9(2):149–52. https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2018.00028.9
  13. 13. Turck F, Fornara F, Coupland G. Regulation and identity of florigen: Flowering locus T moves center stage. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:573–94. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092755
  14. 14. Lee Z, Kim S, Choi SJ, Joung E, Kwon M, Park HJ, et al. Regulation of flowering time by environmental factors in plants. Plants. 2023;12(21):3680. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213680
  15. 15. Higuchi Y. Florigen and anti-florigen: flowering regulation in horticultural crops. Breed Sci. 2018;68:109–18. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.17084
  16. 16. Dutta SK, Gupta VN. Year-round cultivation of garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) through photoperiodic response. Sci Cult. 2012;78:71–77.
  17. 17. Shibata M, Kawata J. Studies on responses to temperature and photoperiod and breeding of spray type chrysanthemums with summer to autumn flowering. Bull Natl Res Inst Veg Ornam Plants Tea Ser A. 1997;12:1–71.
  18. 18. Furuta T, Nelson KS. The effects of high night temperature on the development of chrysanthemum flower buds. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci. 1953;61:548–50.
  19. 19. Dutta JP, Khadre A, Ramadas S. Regulation of flowering in chrysanthemum cv. Co.1 by artificial photoperiod and gibberellic acid. Karnataka J Agric Sci. 1998;11:251–53.
  20. 20. Palai SK, Madhuri G, Nath MR, Bhuyan S. Effect of planting dates and photoperiod on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cv. Yellow Reagan. Pharma Innov J. 2018;7(5):106–8.
  21. 21. Dhiman SR, Gupta YC, Thakur P, Kashyap B, Sharma M. Response of different chrysanthemum cultivars under natural and controlled photoperiodic conditions for pot mum production. J Hill Agric. 2017;8(3):283–87. https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2017.00056.8
  22. 22. Singh R, Bala M. Effect of artificial short-day conditions on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) genotypes. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(9):3770–77. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.466
  23. 23. Thakur D. Off-season pot mum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) production through photoperiodic manipulation and pinching [PhD thesis]. Solan (India): Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry; 2024.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.