This is an outdated version published on 21-06-2023. Read the most recent version.
Forthcoming

Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Garcinia cowa Roxb. extracts from leaves, fruit rind, and stem bark in different solvents

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2455

Keywords:

Antioxidant, Phenolic, Alpha-amylase, Alpha-glucosidase

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities of Garcinia cowa Roxb., a Thai native plant that has a history of use in traditional medicine in several countries. To achieve this goal, different plant parts, such as the leaves, fruit rind, and stem bark, were subjected to extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol using the maceration method. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to quantify the extracts' total phenolic content (TPC). The antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, and antidiabetic properties through the alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capacities of different extracts from G. cowa were assessed. The results revealed that the stem bark extracted with ethyl acetate displayed the highest level of TPC at 153.68 mg GAE/100 g DW. Compared to the other extracts, the stem bark ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with values of 436.86, 359.17, and 526.98 µmol TE/100 g DW, respectively. Further examination of the antidiabetic effects of stem bark extract in ethyl acetate exhibited the highest alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 12.54, and 8.48 mg/mL, respectively. The findings of this research provide initial indications that G. cowa has both antioxidant and antidiabetic attributes and could be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for managing diabetes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Skyler JS, Bakris GL, Bonifacio E, Darsow T, Eckel RH, Groop L, et al. Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history, and prognosis. Diabetes. 2017;66(2): 241-55. https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-0806

Kaminski KA, Bonda TA, Korecki J, Musial WJ. Oxidative stress and neutrophil activation—the two keystones of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J cardiol. 2002;86(1): 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00189-4

Aminjan HH, Abtahi SR, Hazrati E, Chamanara M, Jalili M, Paknejad B. Targeting of oxidative stress and inflammation through ROS/NF-kappaB pathway in phosphine-induced hepatotoxicity mitigation. Life Sci. 2019;232:116607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116607

Nanditha A, Ma RC, Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Chan JC, Chia KS, et al. Diabetes in Asia and the Pacific: implications for the global epidemic. Diabetes care. 2016;39(3):472-85. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1536

Ojah EO, Moronkola DO, Akintunde AAM. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase antidiabetic potential of ten essential oils from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Iberoam J Med. 2020; 2(4):253-60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3841108

Hedrington MS, Davis SN. Considerations when using alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;20(18):2229-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2019.1672660

Artasensi A, Pedretti A, Vistoli G, Fumagall L. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of multi-target drugs. Molecules. 2020;25(8):1987. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081987

Kirkman MS, Mahmud H, Korytkowski MT. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2018;47(1):81-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.002

Atreya PN, Shrestha J. Biodiversity of negleted and underutilized fruits of Nepal: a review. Fundam Appl Agric. 2020;5(4):470–83. https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.122860

Espirito Santo BLSD, Santana, LF, Kato Junior WH, de Araújo FDO, Bogo D, Freitas KDC, et al. Medicinal potential of Garcinia species and their compounds. Molecules. 2020;25(19):4513. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194513

Mahabusarakam W, Chairerk P, Taylor WC. Xanthones from Garcinia cowa Roxb. latex. Phytochemistry. 2005;66(10):1148-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.02.025

Wahyuni FS, Ali DAI, Lajis NH. Anti-inflammatory activity of isolated compounds from the stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Pharmacogn J. 2017;9(1):55-7. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.1.10

Wahyuni FS, Shaari K, Stanslas J, Lajis N, Hamidi D. Cytotoxic compounds from the leaves of Garcinia cowa Roxb. J Appli Pharm Sci. 2015;5(2):6-11. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.50202

Raksat A, Phukhatmuen P, Yang J, Maneerat W, Charoensup R, Andersen RJ, et al. Phloroglucinol benzophenones and xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia cowa and their nitric oxide production and ?-glucosidase inhibitory activities. J Nat Prod. 2019;83(1):164-8. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00849

Phukhatmuen P, Raksat A, Laphookhieo S, Charoensup R, Duangyod T, Maneerat W. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antidiabetic compounds from Garcinia cowa leaf extract. Heliyon. 2020;6(4):e03625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03625

Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jena BS. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of the extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa. Int J Food Prop. 2010;13(6):1256-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910903050383

Sriyatep T, Siridechakorn I, Maneerat W, Pansanit A, Ritthiwigrom T, Andersen RJ, et al. Bioactive prenylated xanthones from the young fruits and flowers of Garcinia cowa. J Nat Prod. 2015;78(2):265-71. https://doi.org/10.1021/np5008476

Panthong K, Hutadilok-Towatana N, Panthong A. Cowaxanthone F, a new tetraoxygenated xanthone, and other anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds from Garcinia cowa. Can J Chem. 2009;87:1636-40. https://doi.org/10.1139/V09-123

Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod. 2020;83(3):770-803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285

Santos CM, Freitas M, Fernandes E. A comprehensive review on xanthone derivatives as ?-glucosidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;157:1460-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.073

Huang Q, Chai WM, Ma ZY, Ou-Yang C, Wei QM, Song S, et al. Inhibition of ?-glucosidase activity and non-enzymatic glycation by tannic acid: Inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;141:358-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.010

Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as potential agents in the management of type 2 diabetes through the modulation of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase activity: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(12):3137-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1862755

Wanna C. Free radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic contents in peel and fleshy crude extracts of selected vegetables. Pharmacogn J. 2019;11(6):1351-58. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.11.209

González-Palma I, Escalona-Buendía HB, Ponce-Alquicira E, Téllez-Téllez M, Gupta VK, Díaz-Godínez G, Soriano-Santos J. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in different growth stages. Front microbiol. 2016;7:1099. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01099

Tibuhwa DD. A comparative study of antioxidant activities between fresh and dry mushrooms in the genera Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus from Tanzania. Food Nutr Sci. 2014;5:212-21.

Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Shetty K. Inhibitory potential of wine and tea against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase for management of hyperglycemia linked to type 2 diabetes. J. Food Biochem. 2008;32:15–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00165x

Sharma A, Pal P, Sarkar BR, Mohanty JP, Bhutia S. Preparation, Standardization and Evaluation of Hypoglycemic effect of Herbal Formulation containing five ethnomedicinal plants in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemic Wistar-Rats. Res J Pharma and Tech. 2020; 13(12):5987-5992. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01044.6

Kumar D, Ghosh R, Pal BC. ?-Glucosidase inhibitory terpenoids from Potentilla fulgens and their quantitative estimation by validated HPLC method. J Funct Foods. 2013;5(3):1135-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.010

Rasyid R, Armin F, Andayani R, Rivai H. Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities from extract of the leaf, fruit skin and stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Int J Pharm Sci Med. 2018;3:1-7.

Hsu B, Coupar IM, Ng K. Antioxidant activity of hot water extract from the fruit of the Doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica. Food Chem. 2006;98(2):317-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.077

Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chem. 2007;104(3):1106-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.019

Mathew S, Abraham TE, Zakaria ZA. Reactivity of phenolic compounds towards free radicals under in vitro conditions. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52:5790-98.

Pintac D, Majkic T, Torovic L, Orcic D, Beara I, Simin N, et al. Solvent selection for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from grape pomace. Ind Crops Prod. 2018;111:379-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.038

Tomsone L, Kruma Z, Galoburda R. Comparison of different solvents and extraction methods for isolation of phenolic compounds from horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana). Int J Agric Biol Eng. 2012;6(4):236-41.

Ahmed D, Zara S, Baig H. In vitro analysis of antioxidant activities of Oxalis corniculata Linn. fractions in various solvents. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;10(1):158-65. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i1.21

Joshi DR, Adhikari N. An overview on common organic solvents and their toxicity. J Pharm Res Int. 2019;28(3):1-18. https://doi.org/10.9734/JPRI/2019/v28i330203

Ramirez C, Gil JH, Marín-Loaiza JC, Rojano B, Durango D. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2019;31(4):1283-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.017

Zahratunnisa N, Elya B, Noviani A. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and antioxidant test of stem bark extracts of Garcinia fruticosa lauterb. Pharmacogn J. 2017;9(2):273-75. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.2.46

Tjahjani S, Widowati W, Khiong K, Suhendra A, Tjokropranoto R. Antioxidant properties of Garcinia mangostana L (mangosteen) rind. Procedia Chem. 2014;13:198-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.12.027

Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Baghdadi A, Tayebi-Meigooni A. Alpha-mangostin-rich extracts from mangosteen pericarp: Optimization of green extraction protocol and evaluation of biological activity. Molecules. 2018;23(8):1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081852

Fidrianny I, Aristya T, Hartati R. Antioxidant capacities of various leaves extracts from three species of legumes and correlation with total flavonoid, phenolic, carotenoid content. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015;7(3):628-34.

Putri NL, Elya B, Puspitasari N. Antioxidant activity and lipoxygenase inhibition test with total flavonoid content from Garcinia kydia Roxburgh leaves extract. Pharmacogn J. 2017;9(2):280-84. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.2.48

Meng FU, Hui-Jin FENG, Yu CHEN, De-Bin WANG, Guang-Zhong YANG. Antioxidant activity of Garcinia xanthochymus leaf, root and fruit extracts in vitro. Chin J Nat Med. 2012;10(2):129-34. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1009.2012.00129

See I, Ee GCL, Mah SH, Jong VYM, Teh SS. Effect of solvents on phytochemical concentrations and antioxidant activity of Garcinia benthamiana stem bark extracts. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2017;23(2):117-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2016.1272523

Bae H, Jayaprakasha GK, Crosby K, Jifon JL, Patil BS. Influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant activity and the content of bioactive compounds in non-pungent peppers. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2012;67:120–8.

Tenkerian C, El-Sibai M, Daher CF, Mroueh M. Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of the tragopogon porrifolius methanolic extract. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/161720

Hossain MM, Polash SA, Takikawa M, Shubhra RD, Saha T, Islam Z, et al. Investigation of the antibacterial activity and in vivo cytotoxicity of biogenic silver nanoparticles as potent therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:239. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00239

Do QD, Angkawijaya AE, Tran-Nguyen PL, Huynh LH, Soetaredjo FE., Ismadji S, et al. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. J Food Drug Anal. 2014;22(3):296-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.001

Abdullah AR, Bakhari NA, Osman H. Study on the relationship of the phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content to the antioxidant activity of Garcinia atroviridis. Univers J Appl Sci. 2013;1(3):95-100. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujas.2013.010304

Funke I, Melzig MF. Traditionally used plants in diabetes therapy: phytotherapeutics as inhibitors of alpha-amylase activity. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2006;16:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2006000100002

Men TT, Khang PN, Thao TTP, Khang DT, Danh LT, Tuan NT, et al. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant, anti-diabetic properties evaluation of Lasia spinosa L. Thwaites stem extracts. Asian J Plant Sci. 2021;20571-7. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2021.571.577

Published

21-06-2023

Versions

How to Cite

1.
Wanna C, Boonman N, Phakpaknam S. Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Garcinia cowa Roxb. extracts from leaves, fruit rind, and stem bark in different solvents. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/2455

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.