Effect of plant growth regulators for yield enhancement in finger millet under drought stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6062Keywords:
finger millet, foliar spray, mitigation and yield, physiological traitsAbstract
Finger millet (Ragi) is considered as wonder millet because of its high nutritive and therapeutic values. Drought is a major abiotic stress which limits the crop production and yield potential of finger millet. Considering the yield losses faced by the farmers during drought condition, foliar application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is widely used to improve the physiological response that might lead to rapid changes in phenotype of the plant and enhancing the production of crops. Finger millet is less efficient in partitioning of assimilates and has low actual yield potential even as a C4 crop. To address these issues, experiments were conducted for improving the partitioning efficiency and yield. Hence, an experiment was conducted to mitigate the drought in finger millet through PGRs. The stress was imposed during flowering stage in the finger millet variety CO15 where different kinds of PGRs viz., Brassinosteroid, Salicylic acid and Chlormequat chloride were used in this experiment. After imposing the treatments, physiological, biochemical and yield traits were recorded. Foliar spray of 0.3 ppm brassinosteroid and 100 ppm salicylic acid exhibited superior performance for improving the osmotic potential, reduces the membrane lipid damage, better chlorophyll pigments, nitrate reductase activity and improved antioxidant system which leads to mitigate the negative impacts of drought in finger millet.
Downloads
References
Anjum S, Wang L, Farooq M, Hussain M, Xue L, Zou C. Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. J Agron Crop Sci. 2011;197(3):177-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2010.00459.x
Aslam M, Khan IA, Saleem M, Ali Z. Assessment of water stress tolerance in different maize accessions at germination and early growth stage. Pak J Bot. 2006;38(5):1571-79.
Gomez M, Gupta S. Millets. In: Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2003. p. 3974-3979.
https://apeda.gov.in/milletportal/files/Statewise_Millet_Production.pdf
Wang W, Vinocur B, Altman A. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta. 2003: 218(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1105-5
Starita, J., Dahab, M. Lenton, R. Drought hits the heartland of USA. Stockholm Water Front. 2012: 4 (December). 6-8 pp.
Mishra, Vimal, Aadhar, Saran,Asoka, Akarsh, Pai, Sivananda and Kumar, Rohini, “On the frequency of the 2015 monsoon season drought in the Indo-Gangetic Plain”, Geophysical Research Letters, 2016: 43, 23, 12-102.
Kulkarni, Ashwini, Gadgil, Sulochana and Patwardhan, Savita, “Monsoon variability, the 2015 Marathwada drought and rainfed agriculture”, Current Science, 2016:111 (7): 1182-93.
Kedia, Shruti, 15 May 2017, “The biggest drought in 140 years- why Tamil Nadu must concern us all”, https://yourstory.com/ 2017/05/tamil-nadu-farm-crisis/amp
Maqsood M, Ali SA. Effects of environmental stress on growth, radiation use efficiency and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Pak J Bot. 2007;39(2):463-65. https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/39(2)/PJB39(2)463.pdf
Nazir F, Hussain A, Fariduddin Q. Interactive role of epibrassinolide and hydrogen peroxide in regulating stomatal physiology, root morphology, photosynthetic and growth traits in Solanum lycopersicum L. under nickel stress. Environ Exp Bot. 2019;162:479-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.03.021
Sivakumar R, Pathmanaban G, Kalarani M, Vanangamudi M, Srinivasan P. Effect of foliar application of growth regulators on biochemical attributes and grain yield in pearl millet. Indian J Plant Physiol. 2002;7(1):79-82.
Hiscox J, Israelstam G. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can J Bot. 1979;57(12):1332-34. https://doi.org/10.1139/b79-163
Babu RC, Pathan MS, Blum A, Nguyen HT. Comparison of measurement methods of osmotic adjustment in rice cultivars. Crop Sci. 1999;39(1):150-58. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900010024x
Nicholas JC, Harper JE, Hageman RH. Nitrate reductase activity in soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.): I. effects of light and temperature. Plant Physiol. 1976;58(6):731-35. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.58.6.731
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare I. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 1973;39(1):205-07. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Hodges DM, DeLong JM, Forney CF, Prange RK. Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. Planta. 1999;207(4):604-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004250050524
Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem. 1971;44(1):276-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
Nair VD, Cheruth AJ, Gopi R, Gomathinayagam M, Panneerselvam R. Antioxidant potential of Ocimum sanctum under growth regulator treatments. EurAsian J BioSci. 2009; 3(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.1
Maibangsa S, Thangaraj M, Stephen R. Effect of brassinosteroid and salicylic acid on rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under low irradiance condition. Indian J Agric Res. 2000;34(4):258-60.
Sairam R. Effects of homobrassinolide application on plant metabolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture-stress conditions of two wheat varieties. Plant Growth Regul. 1994; 14(2):173-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00025220
Yavas I, Unay A. Effects of zinc and salicylic acid on wheat under drought stress. J Anim Plant Sci. 2016;26(4):1012-18.
Liu J, Lai R, He L, Xing P, Luo H, Yang S, Zou Y, Tang,X. Foliar application of brassinolide induced regulation of grain yield and quality, antioxidant responses and aroma in fragrant rice. Phyton,2022. https://doi.org/do/10.32604/phyton.2022.017634.
Meng JF, Xu TF, Wang ZZ, Fang YL, Xi ZM, Zhang ZW. The ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin on grape cuttings under water deficient stress: antioxidant metabolites, leaf anatomy and chloroplast morphology. J Pineal Res. 2014;57(4):200-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12159
Anjum SA, Ashraf U, Tanveer M, Khan I, Hussain S, Shahzad B et al. Drought induced changes in growth, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant metabolism of three maize hybrids. Front Plant Sci. 2017; 8:69. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00069
Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Zhao C, Rehman A, Cheema SA, Sharma A et al. Role of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in mediating heavy metal and pesticide induced oxidative stress in plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018; 147:935-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.066
Azcon R, Gomez M, Tobar R. Physiological and nutritional responses by Lactuca sativa L. to nitrogen sources and mycorrhizal fungi under drought conditions. Biol Fertil Soils. 1996;22(1-2):156-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00384448
Prakash M, Saravanan K, Kumar B, Ganesan J. Effect of brassinosteroids on certain biochemical parameters in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Indian J Plant Physiol. 2003;8(3):313-15.
Umebese C, Olatimilehin T, Ogunsusi T. Salicylic acid protects nitrate reductase activity, growth and proline in amaranth and tomato plants during water deficit. Am J Agric Biol Sci. 2009;4(3):224-29. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2009.224.229
Vijay, Prabha, Alagarswamy, Senthil N, Sritharan, Parasuraman, Boominathan. Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and nutrients on physiological traits of finger millet (Eleusine coracana ). Research on Crops. 2016: 17. 483. https://doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2016.00079.6
Krishna Surendar K, Vincent S, Mallika V, Vijayaraghavan H. Plant growth regulators and nitrogen responses on improving nutrient content of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Plant Gene and Trait, 2013: 4: 66-9. https://doi.org/10.5376/pgt.2013.04.0012
Dar MI, Naikoo MI, Rehman F, Naushin F, Khan FA. Proline accumulation in plants: roles in stress tolerance and plant development. In: Osmolytes and Plants Acclimation to Changing Environment: Emerging Omics Technologies. Springer; 2016. p. 155-66.
Anjum F, Rishi V, Ahmad F. Compatibility of osmolytes with Gibbs energy of stabilization of proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000;1476(1):75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00215-0
Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV, Vivekanandan M. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. J Plant Physiol. 2004;161(11):1189-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013
Jun Lv, Zong, Xue-feng, Shakeel Ahmad, Anjum, Wu, Xiao, Wu, Chao, Li, Yun-peng, Wang, San-gen. Alteration in morpho-physiological attributes of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev by exogenous application of brassinolide under varying levels of drought stress. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020: 80(1): 61-71. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392020000100061
Hemmati K, Ebadi A, Khomari S, Sedghi M. Influence of ascorbic acid and 24-epibrassinolide on physiological characteristics of pot marigold under water-stress condition. J Plant Interact. 2018;13(1):364-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1483033
Bakry B, El-Hariri D, Sadak M, El-Bassiouny H. Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid in two linseed varieties grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil. J Appl Sci Res. 2012;8(7):3503-14.
Ogweno JO, Song XS, Shi K, Hu WH, Mao WH, Zhou YH, et al. Brassinosteroids alleviate heat-induced inhibition of photosynthesis by increasing carboxylation efficiency and enhancing antioxidant systems in Lycopersicon esculentum. J Plant Growth Regul. 2008;27(1):49-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-007-9030-7
Shahbaz M, Ashraf M. Does exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide ameliorate salt induced growth inhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)? Plant Growth Regul. 2008;55(1):51-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9262-y
Vardhini BV, Rao S, Rao K. Effect of brassinolide on growth, yield, metabolite content and enzyme activities of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Mill. In: Recent Advances in Plant Biotechnology and its Applications. New Delhi: IK International Publishing House Ltd.; 2008. p. 133-9.
Fariduddin Q, Hayat S, Ahmad A. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity, and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica.2003;41(2):281-84. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PHOT.0000011962.05991.6c
Anosheh HP, Emam Y, Ashraf M, Foolad M. Exogenous application of salicylic acid and chlormequat chloride alleviates negative effects of drought stress in wheat. Adv Stud Biol. 2012;4(11):501-20.
Tiwari A, Rastogi A, Singh V, Arunachalam A. Effect of water stress on oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in finger millet and barnyard millet. Indian J Hill Farm. 2020;33(1):36-45.
Wang SQ, Zhao HH, Zhao LM, Gu CM, Pan GJ. Application of brassinolide alleviates cold stress at the booting stage of rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020: 19(4): 975-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62639-0
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 28-01-2025 (2)
- 26-01-2025 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 N Sritharan, K Krishna Surendar, S Nithila, C Tamilselvi, R Anitha, S Krishnakumar, G Senthil Kumar, A Sumathi, V B R Prasad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
