Mitigating moisture stress in bhendi through osmolyte application

R Amutha; C Parameswari; R Gowthami; M P Kavitha; G Sudhakar; P Geetharani; M  Madhan Mohan; S Nithila; N Aananthi

doi:10.14719/pst.5495

Authors

R Amutha Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, 625 104, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-4660
C Parameswari Agricultural Research Station, TNAU, Vaigai Dam 625 562, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-3986
R Gowthami Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, 625 104, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-4695
M P Kavitha Agricultural Research Station, TNAU, Vaigai Dam 625 562, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-4069
G Sudhakar Agricultural Research Station, TNAU, Vaigai Dam 625 562, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-9548
P Geetharani Agricultural Research Station, TNAU, Vaigai Dam 625 562, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-1757
M Madhan Mohan Agricultural Research Station, TNAU, Vaigai Dam 625 562, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-2362
S Nithila Horticulture College and Research Institute (Women), Trichy, 620 027 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-1678
N Aananthi Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, 625 104, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-2662

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5495

Keywords:

Bhendi, moisture stress, osmolyte, yield, B:C ratio

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the best osmolyte for foliar application to overcome moisture stress under field conditions in Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Foliar applications of the osmolytes, viz., proline (50 mM), glycine betaine (50 mM), ascorbic acid (100 ppm), salicylic acid (100 ppm) and KCl (1 %) were applied twice, at 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), to mitigate moisture stress imposed by withholding irrigation during the vegetative and reproductive phases of crop growth. Data on yield parameters and yield were recorded. The results revealed that, in terms of the yield attributes, foliar sprays of proline (50 mM) resulted in increased pod length (12.2 cm) and higher pod yield per plant (335.1 g) in Bhendi. However, the highest benefit cost ratio of 1.52 and 1.23 was obtained by applying KCl (1%) followed by salicylic acid (100 ppm) during moisture stress at the reproductive stage. From the study, it is concluded that foliar sprays of proline (50 mM) and salicylic acid (100 ppm) were effective in mitigating moisture stress under field conditions in Bhendi.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Seleiman MF, Al-Suhaibani N, Ali N, Akmal M, Alotaibi M, Refay Y, et al. Drought stress impacts on plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects. Plants. 2021;10(2):259. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020259

Dietz KJ, Zörb C, Geilfus CM. Drought and crop yield. Plant Biol. 2021;23(6):881-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13304

Masters MT, Eichler AW, Endlicher S, Fenzl E, von Martius CFP, Urban I. Aristolochiaceae. Oldenbourg; 1875.

Chauhan D. Vegetable production in India. Agra: Ram Prasad and Sons; 1972.

Gemede HF, Ratta N, Haki GD, Woldegiorgis AZ, Beyene F. Nutritional quality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A review. J Food Process Technol. 2015;6(6):1-6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000458

El-Kader A, Shaaban S, El-Fattah M. Effect of irrigation levels and organic compost on okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) grown in sandy calcareous soil. Agric Biol J North Am. 2010;1 (3):225-31. https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2010.1.3.225.231

Sadak MS. Mitigation of drought stress on fenugreek plant by foliar application of trehalose. Int J ChemTech Res. 2016;9:147-55.

Ashraf M, Foolad M. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environ Exp Bot. 2007;59 (2):206-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.12.006

Cuin TA, Shabala S. Exogenously supplied compatible solutes rapidly ameliorate NaCl-induced potassium efflux from barley roots. Plant Cell Physiol. 2005;46(12):1924-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pci205

Shao J, Dong H, Jin Y, Li P, Sun M, Feng W, et al. Effects of soil potassium levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution in cotton. J Cotton Res. 2023;6(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-023-00145-y

Zhang L, Gao M, Li S, Alva AK, Ashraf M. Potassium fertilization mitigates the adverse effects of drought on selected Zea mays cultivars. Turk J Bot. 2014;38(4):713-23. https://doi.org/10.39066 bot-1308-47

Maathuis FJ, Sanders D. Mechanisms of potassium absorption by higher plant roots. Physiol Plant. 1996;96(1):158-68. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.960123.x

Dawood MG. Improving drought tolerance of quinoa plant by foliar treatment of trehalose. Agric Eng Int: CIGR J. 2017;245-54.

Rai GK, Magotra I, Khanday DM, Choudhary SM, Bhatt A, et al. Boosting drought tolerance in tomatoes through stimulatory action of salicylic acid imparted antioxidant defense mechanisms. Agronomy. 2024;14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy140612277 Plant Science Today, ISSN 2348-1900 (online)

Katimbo A, Rudnick DR, DeJonge KC, Lo TH, Qiao X, Franz TE, et al. Crop water stress index computation approaches and their sensitivity to soil water dynamics. Agric Water Manag. 2022;266(C). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107575

Dastane N. A practical manual for water use research in agriculture. Pona (India): Navabharat Prakashan Publications;1967.

Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1984.

Hayat Q, Hayat S, Irfan M, Ahmad A. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: a review. Environ Exp Bot. 2010;68(1):14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.08.005

Ali Q, Ashraf M, Shahbaz M, Humera H. Ameliorating effect of foliar applied proline on nutrient uptake in water stressed maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Pak J Bot. 2008;40(1):211-19.

Ali Q, Ashraf M, Athar HUR. Exogenously applied proline at different growth stages enhances growth of two maize cultivars grown under water deficit conditions. Pak J Bot. 2007;39(4):1133-40.

Noreen S, Athar HUR, Ashraf M. Interactive effects of watering regimes and exogenously applied osmoprotectants on earliness indices and leaf area index in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. Pak J Bot. 2013;45(6):1873-81.

Huang C, Qin A, Gao Y, Ma S, Liu Z, Zhao B, et al. Effects of water deficit at different stages on growth and ear quality of waxy maize. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1069551

Altaf R, Hussain K, Maryam U, Nawaz K, Siddiqi E. Effect of different levels of drought on growth, morphology and photosynthetic pigments of lady finger (Abelmoschus esculentus). World J Agric Sci. 2015;11:198-201. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjas.2015.11.4.1856

Ardabili AA, Sadeghipour O, Asl AR. The effect of proline application on drought tolerance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Adv Environ Biol. 2013;7(14):4689-96.

Aown M, Raza S, Saleem M, Anjum S, Khaliq T, Wahid M. Foliar application of potassium under water deficit conditions improved the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Anim Plant Sci. 2012;22(2):431-37.

Godoy F, Olivos-Hernández K, Stange C, Handford M. Abiotic stress in crop species: improving tolerance by applying plant metabolites. Plants. 2021;10(2):186. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020186

Unlukara A, Cemek B. Response of okra to water stress. Mustafa Kemal Univ J Agric Sci. 2019;24:313-19.

Parkash V, Singh S, Deb SK, Ritchie GL, Wallace RW. Effect of deficit irrigation on physiology, plant growth and fruit yield of cucumber cultivars. Plant Stress. 2021;1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2021.100004

Kamran M, Shahbaz M, Ashraf M, Akram NA. Alleviation of drought-induced adverse effects in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using proline as a pre-sowing seed treatment. Pak J Bot. 2009;41(2):621-32.

Farhad KM, Mian M, Murata Y, Hoque M. Mitigating water stress in wheat by foliar application of proline. Int J Exp Agric. 2015;5:8-14.

Khan A, Iqbal I, Ahmad I, Nawaz H, Nawaz M. Role of proline to induce salinity tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Sci Technol Dev. 2014;33:88-93.

Chandrasekhar C, Bangarusamy U. Maximizing the yield of mung bean by foliar application of growth regulating chemicals and nutrients. Madras Agric J. 2003;90(1-3):143-45.

Ahmad M, Waraich EA, Zulfiqar U, Ullah A, Farooq M. Thiourea application improves heat tolerance in camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) by modulating gas exchange, antioxidant defense and osmoprotection. Ind Crops Prod. 2021;170:113826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113826

El-Afifi S, Ibrahim E, Salem S. Effect of water stress and some anti-transpirants on growth, yield and quality of okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus). J Plant Prod. 2018;9(7):619-25. https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2018.36369

Shirzadi MH, Arvin MJ, Abootalebi A, Hasandokht MR. Effect of nylon mulch and some plant growth regulators on water use efficiency and some quantitative traits in onion (Allium cepa cv.) under water deficit stress. Cogent Food Agric. 2020;6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1779562

Abdel Megeed T, Gharib H, Hafez E, El-Sayed A. Effect of some plant growth regulators and biostimulants on the productivity of Sakha108 rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) under different water stress conditions. Appl Ecol Environ Res.