Extraction and characterization of oil from seeds of the medicinal plant Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (Doda paneer)

Priya  Raghav; Priyvart Choudhary; Ajay  Singh; Rohit  Sharma; Nishesh Sharma

doi:10.14719/pst.1649

Authors

Priya Raghav Department of Biotechnology, SALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248 007, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-6159
Priyvart Choudhary Department of Biotechnology, SALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248 007, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0047-6805
Ajay Singh Department of Chemistry, SALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248 007, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-3891
Rohit Sharma Department of Chemistry, SOE, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-1063
Nishesh Sharma Department of Biotechnology, SALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248 007, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-5175

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1649

Keywords:

FTIR, GC-MS, Oil, Phytoconstituents, Seeds, Withania coagulans

Abstract

Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal commonly known as Doda panner/ Indian Rennet is a well-known medicinal plant but remains underutilized mainly due to scarce distribution in nature and extremely poor germination rate. In the present study oil was extracted from seeds of Withania coagulans which was subsequently subjected to FTIR and GC-MS analysis to identify phytochemical components of extracted oil. FTIR analysis revealed presence of diverse group of compounds including alcohols, alkane, alkene, aldehyde, ketone and halo compounds. GC-MS analysis depicted presence of 49 phytoconstituents in the oil extracted from seeds of W. coagulans. among which hexanoic acid, n-hexadecenoic acid, Vitamin E, gamma-Tocopherol, squalene, fucosterol, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl, octadecanoic acid represent major phytoconstituents identified. Several compounds identified to be present in extracted oil have been reported to possess one or more pharmacological activity. Hence, the study suggests validation of plant oil to be utilized as ingredient of different pharmacological, cosmetic and other food products.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Jain R, Kachhwaha S. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and biotechnology of Withania somnifera and Withania coagulans: A review. J Med Plants Res. 2015;6(41):5388-99. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR12.704.

Panwar J, Tarafdar JC. Distribution of three endangered medicinal plant species and their colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J Arid Environ. 2006;65(3):37–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaridenv.2005.07.008.

Ali N, Ahmad B, Bashir S. Calcium channel blocking activities of Withania coagulans. Afr J Pharmacy Pharmacol. 2009;3(9):439-42.

Maher S, Choudhary MI, Saleem F, Rasheed S, Waheed I, Halim SA et al. Isolation of antidiabetic withanolides from Withania coagulans Dunal and their in vitro and in silico validation. Biology. 2020;9,197. doi:10.3390/biology9080197

Khan MI, Maqsood M, Saeed RA, Alam A, Sahar A, Kieliszek M et al. Phytochemistry, Food application and therapeutic potential of the medicinal plant (Withania coagulans): A Review. Molecules. 2021;26, 6881. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226881

Hemalatha S, Kumar R. Withania coagulans Dunal: A review. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2008;2(4):351-58.

Adorjan B, Buchbauer G. Biological properties of essential oils: an updated review. Flavor and Fragrance J. 2010;25(6):407-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2024.

Upadhyay BN, Gupta V. A clinical study on the effect of Rishyagandha (Withania coagulans) in the management of Prameha (Type II Diabetes Mellitus). Ayu. 2011;32(4):507-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2F0974-8520.96124.

Silva TD, Kher MM. Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal: Biotechnological achievements and perspectives. J Hortic Res. 2015;23(1):5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2015-0001.

Ferrentino G, Morozova K, Horn C, Scampicchio M. Extraction of essential oils from medicinal plants and their utilization as food antioxidants. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(5):519-41. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200121092018. PMID: 31965940.

Salehi M , Aghamaali MR,Sajedi RH. Purification and characterization of a milk-clotting aspartic protease from Withania coagulans fruit. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;98,847-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.034.

Ali A, Jameel M, Ali M. Analysis of fatty acid composition of Withania coagulans fruits by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Res J Pharmacogn. 2017;4(4):1-6.

Peerzade N, Sayed N, Das N. Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of methanolic fruit extract of Withania coagulans L. Dunal for evaluating the antidiabetic activity. The Pharma Innov J. 2018;7(1):197-204.

Pramanick DD, Srivastava SK. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Withania coagulans Dunal (Solanaceae)-an important ethnomedicinal plant. Bioscience Discovery. 2015;6(1):06-13.

Azhar MF, Naseer U. Antioxidant and Phytochemical composition of leaves, stem and root extracts of Withania coagulans and Withania somnifera. J Medicinal and Spice Plants. 2020;24(1):27-30.

Bakhtawar S, Mughal T, Naeem I. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Withania coagulans. Asian J Chem. 2010;22(1):122-26.

Kitukale MD, Chandewar AV. Antidiabetic potential of Withania coagulans Dunal flower in streptozotacin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2017;8(4):58-62.

Ramya B, Malarvili T. and Velavan S. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in Bryonopsis laciniosa fruit extract. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(8):3375-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(8).3375-79.

Abdelhamid MS, Kondratenko EL, Lomteva NA. GC-MS analysis of phytocomponents in the ethanolic extract of Nelumbo nucifera seeds from Russia. J Appl Pharma Sci. 2015;5(04):115-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.50419.

Abdul QA, Choi RJ, Jung HA, Choi JS. Health benefit of fucosterol from marine algae: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2016;96(6):1856-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7489.

Hosseinzadeh Z, Ramazani A. An overview on chemistry and biological importance of pyrrolidinone. Current Organic Synthesis. 2017;5(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666170908165445.

Jebastella J, Reginald AM. Bioactive components of Cynodon dactylon using ethanol extract. World J Pharm Sci. 2015;3(12):2321-3310.

Rubab M, Chelliah R, Saravanakumar K. Bioactive Potential of 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol and benzofuran from Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f, rubra (Red Cabbage) on oxidative and microbiological stability of beef meat. Foods. 2020; 9(5): 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050568.

Syeda FA, Habib-ur-Rahman. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of petroleum ether extract (oil) and bio-assays of crude extract of Iris germanica. Inter J Genetics Molecular Biology. 2011;3(7):95-100. Available From: http://www.academicjournals.org/ijgmb.

Achi NK, Ohaeri OC. GC-MS Determination of bioactive constituents of the methanolic fractions of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015;5(3):163-72. 10.9734/BJPR/2015/13893. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2015/13893

Chandrasekaran M, Senthilkumar A. Antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of fatty acid methyl esters from the leaves of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;15(7);775-80. PMID: 21780546

Hema R, Kumaravel S, Alagusundaram K. GC-MS Determination of Bioactive components of Murraya koenigii. Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):80-83. Available From: http://www.americanscience.org.

Arya SS, Sharma MM, Das RK. Vanillin mediated green synthesis and application of gold nanoparticles for reversal of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Heliyon. 2019;5(7):1-11.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02021.

Rizvi S, Raza ST, Ahmed F. The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J.2014;14(2):157-65. PMID: 24790736; PMCID: PMC3997530.

Huang ZR, Lin YK, Fang JY.Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules. 2009;14(1):540-54.https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14010540.

Sharma N, Rawat R, Lalremruati F, Singh A. Complete plant regeneration of Valeriana wallichii DC. on auxin enriched medium and phytochemical analysis. Plant Sci Today. 2020;7(4):542-50. https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/837 https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.4.837

Varnika, Sharma R, Singh A, Shalini S, Sharma N. Micropropagation and screening of phytocompounds present among in vitro raised and wild plants of Rauvolfia serpentina. WJST. 2020;17(11):1177-93. https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.6492

Saleem A, Younas U, Ghullam M. Phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopy and antimicrobial activity of different solvent fractions from Murraya koenigii L. shoots. Int Res J Pharm. 2016;7(4):30-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.07435.

Janakiraman N, Satshish S, Jhonson M. UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopic studies on Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz) Nees. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2011;4(4):125-29. Available From: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306287011.

Subrahmanian H, Suriyamoorthy P. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy analysis of Erythrina variegata L. J Pharm Sci and Res. 2017;9(11):2062-67. Available From: www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in.

Chaudhari SY, Rajput D. Fourier transform infrared analysis of Tamra bhasma at different levels: A preliminary study. An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda. 2015;36(1):0974-8520. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.169013.

Thenmozhi M, Sangeetha M. Bioactive metabolites and FTIR analysis in Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health. 2021;5(6):2582-1423. Available From: https://actascientific.com/.