A review of Parthenium management: Transforming a troubling weed into a therapeutic medicinal plant

Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorus L., an invasive plant species, has proliferated globally beyond its native distribution, exacerbating ecological challenges. Traditionally, plants have been an integral part of medicinal practices, particularly in less industrialized countries, where herbal remedies are costeffective alternatives to modern pharmaceuticals. The management of invasive weeds like P. hysterophorus involves various methods; however, its medicinal potential, particularly for addressing diabetes, could also be explored. Contrary to conventional intervention methods such as physical, chemical, or biological controls, this review advocates exploring Parthenium's medicinal applications. Phytochemical and medicinal assessments reveal the plant's efficacy against a spectrum of health concerns, including antimicrobial, anti-anemic, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, lipoprotective, hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective properties. Diabetes mellitus, impacting approximately 1.5% of the global population, remains a pervasive and enduring metabolic condition, posing a substantial global health challenge. In India, in regions like Maharashtra and Gujarat, P. hysterophorus weeds are being used to treat diabetes mellitus. The plant's extensive medicinal uses suggest its potential in preventive measures against various diseases, positioning it as a valuable asset in the development of future medications. This review underscores the importance of shifting from conventional weed management strategies to exploring the untapped medicinal potential of invasive species like P. hysterophorus, offering a dual benefit of environmental conservation and medical advancements.