Botanicals for managing insect pests in rice: An eco-friendly strategy for sustainable rice production

K Ganesan; B Anil kumar; R P Soundararajan; M  Suganthy; S Venugopal; V Manivannan; S V Sangeetha; M  Murugan

doi:10.14719/pst.6006

Authors

K Ganesan Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6028-0495
B Anil kumar Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8901-8519
R P Soundararajan Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-4213
M Suganthy Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-7923
S Venugopal Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-4105
V Manivannan Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-0877
S V Sangeetha Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0557-3645
M Murugan Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-1153

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6006

Keywords:

botanicals, eco-friendly pest management, key pests, natural enemies, rice

Abstract

Rice, a staple crop for over half the global population, faces severe yield losses due to insect pests, such as the rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and minor insect pests, which are significant threats to global food security. Traditional reliance on chemical pesticides for pest control has negatively impacted the environment, human health and non-target organisms. This has necessitated a shift toward sustainable pest management strategies that minimize chemical inputs. Botanicals, derived from plants as essential oils, extracts and secondary metabolites, have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative due to their biodegradability, targeted efficacy and reduced environmental footprint. These plant-based compounds act through various mechanisms, including antifeedant activity, growth inhibition, oviposition deterrence, ovicidal effects and toxicity, effectively disrupting pest lifecycles without harming non-target species. Studies underscore the potential of botanicals in suppressing pest populations and mitigating crop losses, making them vital components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. When incorporated into IPM programs alongside biological control agents, cultural practices and resistant rice varieties, botanicals enhance pest control efficacy while preserving ecosystem balance and promoting biodiversity. Their use aligns with sustainable agriculture principles, offering a viable path to reduce pesticide dependency and ensure long-term agricultural resilience. This review highlights the critical role of botanicals in IPM for rice cultivation, emphasizing their potential to mitigate pest impacts while supporting environmentally sustainable and economically viable food production systems.

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