Effect of foliar application of nano micro nutrients and deficit irrigation on stay green characteristics and drought resistance in maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6283Keywords:
deficit irrigation, drought, grain yield, maize, nano micro nutrients, stay-greenAbstract
The stay-green character is a crucial trait linked to delayed leaf senescence, which enables the plant to continue photosynthetic activity for an extended time under early and terminal drought. Reduced water availability causes early leaf senescence, lower chlorophyll content and eventually poor yield in maize. The objectives were to quantify the effects of irrigation regimes, nanocomposite levels physiological parameters, yield attributes and yield of maize. The main plot treatments comprised of well irrigated and withheld irrigation, while the sub plot treatments consisted of different nanoparticles viz., ZnO, MnO, (ZnO + MnO), TNAU nano revive and ZnSO4 + MnSO4. The results revealed that higher dry matter production (5282 and 9891 kg/ha), leaf nitrogen (44.28 and 39.97), grain filling rate, grain filling duration (34.44 days), green leaf area (92.50%) and proline content (0.59 and 1.28 mg g -1) were recorded at tasseling and grain filling stage, respectively under well-irrigated conditions. Foliar spraying of ZnO (100 ppm) and MnO (20 ppm) nanocomposite, registered higher root biomass (24.21 and 32.11 g/plant), leaf nitrogen (44.6 and 39.1), dry matter production, green leaf area, lowest proline content which ultimately resulted in a higher number of cobs/plant, number of grains row/cob, number of grains/grain row, test weight (1000 grains weight), shelling percentage, crop water use (18.79 kg/ha/mm), grain yield (8.20 t/ha), stover yield (12.2 t/ha) and benefit cost ratio of 2.4. Thus, it could be concluded that well-irrigated condition followed by foliar spray with ZnO (100 ppm) and MnO (20 ppm) registered higher growth, yield attributes, yield, and economics.
Downloads
References
Sanjeev K, Shivani, Amitav D, Ujjwal K, Rakesh K, Surajit M, et al. Location-specific integrated farming system models for resource recycling and livelihood security for small holders. Front Agron Sec. Climate-Smart Agrono. 2022;4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.938331
Anonymous. Proceedings of ICAR, AICRP, Maize, Annual Group Meet, 2024 published by Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU, Ludhiana.
Solaimalai A, Anantharaju P, Irulandi S, Theradimani M. Maize crop: Improvement, production, protection and post-harvest technology. 2020. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003090182
Season and crop report. Department of economics and Statistics. Government of Tamil Nadu. 2023.
Sah RP, Chakraborty M, Prasad K, Pandit M, Tudu VK, Chakravarty MK, et al. Impact of water deficit stress in maize: Phenology and yield components. Sci Rep. 2020;10:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59689-7
Iqbal N, Ashraf M, Ashraf MY. Glycine betaine, an osmolyte of interest to improve water stress tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) water relations and yield. South African J Bot. 2008;74(2):274-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.11.016
Gong L, Zhang H, Liu X, Gan X, Nie F, Yang W, et al. Ectopic expression of HaNAC1, an ATAF transcription factor from Haloxylon ammodendron, improves growth and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020;151:535-44. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.008
Sheoran S, Kaur Y, Kumar S, Shukla S, Rakshit S, Kumar R, et al. Recent advances for drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.): Present status and future prospects. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:872566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.872566
FAO. The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3673en
Wang YT, Yang CY, Chen YT, Lin Y, Shaw JF. Characterization of senescence-associated proteases in postharvest broccoli florets. P. Phy Biochem. 2004;42(7-8): 663-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.06.003
Subramanian KS, Manikandan A, Thirunavukkarasu M, Rahale CS. Nano-fertilizers for balanced crop nutrition. NanotechFood Agric. 2015;3:69-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14024-7_3
Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Manan S. Foliar application of plant mineral nutrients on wheat: A review. J Agric Allied Sci. 2014;3:272. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272815146
Mathur S, Pareek S, Shrivastava D. Nanofertilizers for development of sustainable agriculture. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2022;53(16):1999-2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2022.2070191
Thennavan S, Kathirvelan P, Vasuki V, Djanaguiraman M, Dhananchezhiyan P, Sangeetha SP, et al. Optimizing establishment methods and weed management practices on growth, yield and economics of maize under irrigated condition. Int J Plant Soil Sci. 2023;35:(18):2095-105. https://10.9734/IJPSS/2023/v35i183497
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 1973:39:205-07. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Sharma A, Maruthi Sankar GR, Arora S, Gupta V, Singh B, Kumar J, et al. Analysing rainfall effects for sustainable rainfed maize productivity in foothills of Northwest Himalayas. Field Crops Res. 2013;145:96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.02.013
Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedure for agricultural research. John Wiley and sons, New York; 1984.
Ang W, Fanyun Y, Yongjun W, Lin M, Xiangnan L. Association of maize (Zea mays L.) senescence with water and nitrogen utilization under different drip irrigation systems. Front Plant Sci Sec Crop and Product Physiol. 2023;14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1133206
Mostafa A, Zoltan T, Kincso D. The impact of salinity on crop yields and the confrontational behavior of transcriptional regulators, nanoparticles and antioxidant defensive mechanisms under stressful conditions: A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:2654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052654
Vaghar MS, Sayfzadeh S, Zakerin HR, Kobraee S, Valadabadi SA. Foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-chelates improves physiological indicators and soybean yield under water deficit stress. J Plant Nutri. 2020:43(18):2740-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1793180
Vasuki A, Paulpandi VK, Gurusamy A, Sivakumar T, Prabakaran K. Influence of deficit irrigation and nano NK application on root dynamics, physiology and WUE of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J Agric Sci. 2024;94(4):339–44. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i4.143367
Bengough AG, McKenzie B, Hallett P, Valentine T. Root elongation, water stress and mechanical impedance: A review of limiting stresses and beneficial root tip traits. J Exp Bot. 2011:62(1):59-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq350
Adhikari T, Kundu S, Biswas AK, Tarafdar JC, Subba Rao A. Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their effect on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plant. J Plant Nutri. 2015;38:1505-15. DOI.10.1080/01904167.2014.992536
Liu R, Zhang H, Lal R. Effects of stabilized nanoparticles of copper, zinc, manganese and iron oxides in low concentrations on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination: Nano toxicants or nano nutrients. Water, Air, Soil Poll. 2016:227:42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2738-2
Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P, Throne TA. Leaf senescence: Correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Exp Bot. 1981;32:93-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/32.1.93
Gupta SD, Agarwal A, Pradhan S. Phytostimulatory effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on rice seedling growth: An insight from antioxidative enzyme activities and gene expression patterns. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018;161:624-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.023
Mahajan P, Dhoke SK, Khanna AS. Effect of nano-ZnO particle suspension on growth of mung (Vigna radiata) and gram (Cicer arietinum) seedlings using plant agar method. J Nanotech. 2011;1:696535. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/696535
Saha S, Samad R, Rashid P, Karmoker JL. Effects of sulphur deficiency on growth, sugars, proline and chlorophyll content in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. var. BARI MUNG-6). Bangladesh J Bot. 2016;45:405-10.
Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Sankar B, Manivannan P, Kishorekumar A, Sridharan R, et al. Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipid peroxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus seedlings under salt stress. South African J Bot. 2007;73:190-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2006.11.001
Saha S, Begum HH, Nasrin S. Effects of drought stress on growth and accumulation of proline in five rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.). J Asiatic Soc Bangladesh Sci. 2019;45(2):241-47. https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v45i2.46597
Nasir MW, Toth Z. Effect of drought stress on potato production: A review. Agron. 2022;12(3):635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030635
Bheemanahalli R, Ramamoorthy, Poudel P, Samiappan S, Wijewardane S, Reddy N KR, et al. Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield and leaf reflectance properties in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Direct. 2022;6(8):e434. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.434
Daryanto S, Wang L, Jacinthe PA. Global synthesis of drought effects on maize and wheat production. PloS One. 2016;11(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156362
Farooq M, Ullah A, Rehman A, Nawaz A, Nadeem A, Wakeel A, et al. Application of zinc improves the productivity and biofortification of fine grain aromatic rice grown in dry seeded and puddled transplanted production systems. Field Crops Res. 2018;216:53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.004
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 30-01-2025 (2)
- 28-01-2025 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 P Kathirvelan, S Vaishnavi, V Manivannan, M Djanaguiraman, S Thiyageshwari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
