Impact of fast and slow desiccation on Garcinia imberti seed and seedling vigour
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.3.398Keywords:
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, Desiccation, Moisture content, Recalcitrant seed, Seed storage practisesAbstract
Garcinia imberti Bourd. endemic to the southern Western Ghats is classified as endangered by the IUCN (2018). The seeds as the sole means of propagation with initial moisture content (MC) of 62.8% are sensitive to desiccation. Studies on the responses of the seed to drying require ascertaining of the critical moisture content (CMC) as a basic requisite for germplasm conservation. Responses of G. imberti seeds to fast drying with activated silica gel (25 ± 2 °C, 6 ± 1% RH) and to slow drying under laboratory conditions (28 ± 2°C, 60 ± 2% RH) were evaluated for seed and seedling vigour. When the MC was reduced to 56% by 48 hours of slow drying or 6 hours of fast drying, 75 to 90% normal seedlings were produced respectively. In the case of fast dried seed (6 hours), seed associated parameters except mean germination time showed peak values with maximum germination and enhanced root length. Below the CMCs of 16.4 and 26.3% (fast and slow drying respectively), half of the tested seeds become non viable. Thus for germplasm conservation the present study proposes 6 hour’s of fast drying to retain viability and normal seedling development of G. imberti.
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References
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10. Chacko K C, Pillai P K C. Seed characteristics and germination of Garcinia gummi-guta (L.) Robs. Indian Forester, 1997; 123: 123-126.
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12. Castro L E, Guimaraes CC, Faria JMR. Physiological, cellular and molecular aspects of the desiccation tolerance in Anadenanthera colubrina seeds during germination. Brazilian Journal of Biology2017; 77: 774-780.
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26. Wesley - Smith J, Pammenter NW, Berjak P, Walters C. The effects of two drying rates on the desiccation tolerance of embryonic axes of recalcitrant jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) seeds. Annals of Botany 2001; 88: 653 - 664.
27. Pammenter NW, Greggains V, Kioko JI, Wesley-Smith J, Berjak P, Finch-Savage WE. Effects of differential drying rates on viability retention of recalcitrant seeds of Ekebergiacapensis. Seed Science Research 1998; 8: 463-471.
28. Prajith T M, Anilkumar C. Seed desiccation responses in Saracaasoca (Roxb.) W. J. de Wilde. Current Science2017; 112: 2462-2466.
29. Vertucci CW, Farrant J M. Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance. In Seed development and germination (eds, J. Kigel and G. Galili), 1995; pp. 237 - 271, New York, Marcel Dekker Inc.
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32. Malik S, Chaudhury R, Abraham Z. Desiccation - Freezing sensitivity and longevity in seeds of Garciniaindica, G. cambogia and G. xanthochymus. Seed Science and Technology2005; 33: 723-732.
33. Ellis RH. The longevity of seeds. Horticultural Science1991;. 26: 1119 - 1125.
34. Kikuzawa K, Koyama H, Scaling of soil water absorption by seeds: an experiment using seed analogues. Seed Science Research1999; 9: 171 - 178.
35. Vazquez-Yanes C, Orozco-Segovia A. Patterns of seed longevity and germination in the tropical rain forest. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 1993;24: 69–87.
36. Matthews S, KhajehHosseini M. Length of the lag period of germination and metabolic repair explain vigour differences in seed lots of maize (Zea mays). Seed Science and Technology 2007; 35: 200 - 212.
37. Magistrali PR, Jose AC, Faria JMR, Nascimento JF. Slow drying outperforms rapid drying in augmenting the desiccation tolerance of Genipaamericana seeds. Seed Science and Technology 2015; 43: 101-110.
38. Martins CC, Bovi MLA, Nakagava J. Desiccation effects on germination and vigor of King palm seeds. HorticulturaBrasileira 2003; 21: 88–92.
39. Djavanshir K, Pourbeik H. Germination value: a new formula. SilvaeGenetica 1976; 25: 79 - 83.
40. Dresch DM, Masetto TE, Scalon SPQ. Campomanesiaadamantium(Cambess.) O. Berg seed desiccation: influence on vigor and nucleic acids, Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences,2015;87: 2217-2228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140539.
41. Santos PCG, Alves EU, Guedes RS, Silva KB, De Almeida CE, De Lima CR, Quality of Hancorniaspeciosa Gomes seeds in function of drying periods. Semina: Agrarian Sciences2010; 31: 343-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2010v31n2p343.
42. Scalon SPQ, Neves EMS, Masetto TE, Pereira ZV. Sensibilidade à dessecação e aoarmazenamentoemsementes de Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. (uvaia). [Desiccation sensivity and storage in Eugenia pyriformisCambess. seeds (uvaia)]. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2012; 34: 269-276.
43. Nunes D P, Dresch DM, Scalon SPQ, Pereira ZV. Drying and reduction in sensitivity to desiccation of Campomanesiaxanthocarpaseeds, African Journal of Agricultural Research2015;10: 2859-2865. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2015.9963.
44. Pammenter NW, Verticci CW, Berjak P. Homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: dehydration, the state of water and viability characteristics in Landolphiakirkii. Plant Physiology 1991; 96: 1093-1098.
45. Pritchard HW. Water potential and embryonic axis viability in recalcitrant seeds of Quercusrubra. Annals of Botany 1991; 67: 43-49.
46. Berjak P, Pammenter NW Possible mechanisms underlying the differing dehydration responses in recalcitrant and orthodox seeds: desiccation-associated sub cellular changes in propagules of Avicennia marina. Seed Science and Technology 1997; 12: 365-384.
47. Goncalves MLF, Faria JMR, Jose AC, Tonetti OAO, Marques ER. Desiccation tolerance and antioxidant enzymatic activity in Citrus reshni seeds exposed to various drying rates. Seed Science and Technology 2017; 45: 411-427.
2. Shameer PS, Rameshkumar K B, Mohanan N. Diversity of Garcinia species in the Western Ghats. In Diversity of Garcinia species in the Western Ghats: Phytochemical Perspective. (ed. K. B., Rameshkumar) Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2016; pp-01-18.
3. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 February 2018.
4. Mohanan N, Shaju T, Rajkumar G, Pandurangan A G. Rediscovery of Garcinia imberti Bourd. Indian Journal of Forestry 1997; 20: 383-385.
5. Anto M, Anilkumar C. Fast desiccation response of seeds of Garcinia imberti Bourd. an endangered and endemic species to Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve., Main streaming Biodiversity for sustainable development, Kerala State Biodiversity Board. 2017; ISBN No. 978-81-934231-1-0, P-408-415.
6. de Vogel EF. Seedling of Dicotyledons: Structure, development, types; Description of 150 woody Malesian taxa. (Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (PUDOC), Wageningen1980.
7. Anilkumar C, Babu KP, Krishnan P N. Dormancy mechanism and effects of treatments on the germination of Garcinia gummi-gutta (Clusiaceae) seeds. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2002; 14: 322-328.
8. Anilkumar C, Prajith TM, Jothish PS, Chitra CR, Ashraf A. Seed germination behavior of Garcinia imberti Bourd. The Indian Forester2016; 142: 196-899.
9. Normah MN, Ramiya SD, Gintangga M. Desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds- a study on tropical fruit species. Seed Science Research 1997;7: 179-183.
10. Chacko K C, Pillai P K C. Seed characteristics and germination of Garcinia gummi-guta (L.) Robs. Indian Forester, 1997; 123: 123-126.
11. Berjak P, Pammenter NW. From Avicennia to Zizania: Seed recalcitrance in perspective. Annals of Botany2008; 101: 213-228.
12. Castro L E, Guimaraes CC, Faria JMR. Physiological, cellular and molecular aspects of the desiccation tolerance in Anadenanthera colubrina seeds during germination. Brazilian Journal of Biology2017; 77: 774-780.
13. Roberts EH. Predicting the storage life of seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 1973; 1; 499-514.
14. Hong T D, Ellis R H. A protocol to determine Seed Storage Behaviour. IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 1 (eds. J. M. M. Engels and J. Toll) International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy 1996.
15. Engelmann F. Importance of desiccation for the cryopreservation of recalcitrant seed and vegetatively propagated species. FAO/IPGRI Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 1997; 112: 9-18.
16. Dayal BR, Kaveriappa KM. Effect of desiccation and temperature on germination and vigour of the seeds of HopeaparvifloraBeddome and H. ponga(Dennst.) Mabb. Seed Science and Technology2000; 28: 497–506.
17. Ellis RH, Roberts EH. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology1981; 9: 373–409.
18. Czabator FJ. Germination value: an index combining speed and completeness of pine seed germination. Forest Science1962; 8:386– 395.
19. Abdul-Baki AA, Anderson JD. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Science 1973; 10:31-34.
20. Malik SK, Chaudhury R. Abraham Z. Seed morphology and germination characteristics in three Garciniaspecies. Seed Science and Technology 2005; 33:595-604.
21. Pammenter N W, Berjak P. Some thoughts on the evolution and ecology of recalcitrant seeds. Plant Species Biology2000; 15: 153-156.
22. Tweddle JC, Dickie JB, Baskin CC, Baskin JM. Ecological aspects of seed desiccation sensitivity. Journal of Ecology 2003; 91: 294 - 304.
23. Yao X, Goodale UM, Li ZL, Huang Y, Wang XF, Cheng FY, Tan YH, Xiao C F, Lan QY. Relative importance of seed drying rate, desiccation Tolerance, and cryotolerance for the conservation of Ardisiaelliptica, A. brunnescensand A. virens. Cryo letters 2014;35: 162-70.
24. Berjak P, Pammenter NW. Implications of the lack of desiccation tolerance in recalcitrant seeds. Frontiers in Plant Science 2013; 4: 1-9.
25. Walters C, Pammenter NW, Berjak P, Crane J. Desiccation damage, accelerated ageing and respiration in desiccation tolerant and sensitive seeds. Seed Science Research 2001; 11: 135 - 148.
26. Wesley - Smith J, Pammenter NW, Berjak P, Walters C. The effects of two drying rates on the desiccation tolerance of embryonic axes of recalcitrant jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) seeds. Annals of Botany 2001; 88: 653 - 664.
27. Pammenter NW, Greggains V, Kioko JI, Wesley-Smith J, Berjak P, Finch-Savage WE. Effects of differential drying rates on viability retention of recalcitrant seeds of Ekebergiacapensis. Seed Science Research 1998; 8: 463-471.
28. Prajith T M, Anilkumar C. Seed desiccation responses in Saracaasoca (Roxb.) W. J. de Wilde. Current Science2017; 112: 2462-2466.
29. Vertucci CW, Farrant J M. Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance. In Seed development and germination (eds, J. Kigel and G. Galili), 1995; pp. 237 - 271, New York, Marcel Dekker Inc.
30. Senaratna T, McKersie BD. Loss of desiccation tolerance during seed germination: a free radical mechanism of injury. In Membranes, Metabolosm and Dry Organisms, (ed. A. C. Leopold). 1986; pp. 85-101, Cornell University, Ithaca.
31. Bewley JD, Black M. Development- regulation and maturation. In Seeds;Physiology of Development and Germination (eds. J. D. Benley and M. Black), 1994; pp. 117-145, 2nd edition, Plenun press, New York.
32. Malik S, Chaudhury R, Abraham Z. Desiccation - Freezing sensitivity and longevity in seeds of Garciniaindica, G. cambogia and G. xanthochymus. Seed Science and Technology2005; 33: 723-732.
33. Ellis RH. The longevity of seeds. Horticultural Science1991;. 26: 1119 - 1125.
34. Kikuzawa K, Koyama H, Scaling of soil water absorption by seeds: an experiment using seed analogues. Seed Science Research1999; 9: 171 - 178.
35. Vazquez-Yanes C, Orozco-Segovia A. Patterns of seed longevity and germination in the tropical rain forest. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 1993;24: 69–87.
36. Matthews S, KhajehHosseini M. Length of the lag period of germination and metabolic repair explain vigour differences in seed lots of maize (Zea mays). Seed Science and Technology 2007; 35: 200 - 212.
37. Magistrali PR, Jose AC, Faria JMR, Nascimento JF. Slow drying outperforms rapid drying in augmenting the desiccation tolerance of Genipaamericana seeds. Seed Science and Technology 2015; 43: 101-110.
38. Martins CC, Bovi MLA, Nakagava J. Desiccation effects on germination and vigor of King palm seeds. HorticulturaBrasileira 2003; 21: 88–92.
39. Djavanshir K, Pourbeik H. Germination value: a new formula. SilvaeGenetica 1976; 25: 79 - 83.
40. Dresch DM, Masetto TE, Scalon SPQ. Campomanesiaadamantium(Cambess.) O. Berg seed desiccation: influence on vigor and nucleic acids, Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences,2015;87: 2217-2228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140539.
41. Santos PCG, Alves EU, Guedes RS, Silva KB, De Almeida CE, De Lima CR, Quality of Hancorniaspeciosa Gomes seeds in function of drying periods. Semina: Agrarian Sciences2010; 31: 343-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2010v31n2p343.
42. Scalon SPQ, Neves EMS, Masetto TE, Pereira ZV. Sensibilidade à dessecação e aoarmazenamentoemsementes de Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. (uvaia). [Desiccation sensivity and storage in Eugenia pyriformisCambess. seeds (uvaia)]. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2012; 34: 269-276.
43. Nunes D P, Dresch DM, Scalon SPQ, Pereira ZV. Drying and reduction in sensitivity to desiccation of Campomanesiaxanthocarpaseeds, African Journal of Agricultural Research2015;10: 2859-2865. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2015.9963.
44. Pammenter NW, Verticci CW, Berjak P. Homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: dehydration, the state of water and viability characteristics in Landolphiakirkii. Plant Physiology 1991; 96: 1093-1098.
45. Pritchard HW. Water potential and embryonic axis viability in recalcitrant seeds of Quercusrubra. Annals of Botany 1991; 67: 43-49.
46. Berjak P, Pammenter NW Possible mechanisms underlying the differing dehydration responses in recalcitrant and orthodox seeds: desiccation-associated sub cellular changes in propagules of Avicennia marina. Seed Science and Technology 1997; 12: 365-384.
47. Goncalves MLF, Faria JMR, Jose AC, Tonetti OAO, Marques ER. Desiccation tolerance and antioxidant enzymatic activity in Citrus reshni seeds exposed to various drying rates. Seed Science and Technology 2017; 45: 411-427.
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06-07-2018
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Anto M, Anilkumar C. Impact of fast and slow desiccation on Garcinia imberti seed and seedling vigour. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2018 Jul. 6 [cited 2024 May 9];5(3):95-102. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/398
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