Desiccation induced physiological and biochemical changes of Gymnacranthera canarica (King.) Warb. seeds in the Myristica swamp forests, Southern Western Ghats, India

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1887

Keywords:

Gymnacranthera canarica, desiccation, MDA content, recalcitrance, moisture content, viability loss

Abstract

Gymnacranthera canarica (King.) Warb. is an endemic tree species that dominates the Myristica swamp ecosystem of southern Western Ghats. This tropical tree species has become more threatened due to limited natural seed germination and habitat loss. Mature seeds were collected from the myristica swamp ecosystem subjected to desiccation study. This research evaluated the physiological (moisture content, tetrazolium reduction, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage) and biochemical response of seeds during different desiccation treatments. Results showed that G. canarica seeds are highly sensitive to desiccation and total viability loss was seen within 15 days following harvest indicating the active seed metabolism of mature seeds showing absence of metabolic arrest. Desiccation enhanced malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage while reducing formazan formation. Seed desiccation increases protease activity, which peaks when viability is lost. Desiccation reduced the quantity of phenol and starch, whereas proline, fat, sucrose and total soluble carbohydrates increased. The early viability loss in G. canarica seeds could be due to loss of membrane integrity, which was linked to ROS formation and associated lipid peroxidation products indicating seeds are truly recalcitrant.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Chandran MDS, Mesta DK. On the conservation of the Myristica swamps of the Western Ghats. Forest genetic resources: status, threats and conservation strategies. 2001; 1-19.

Jose PA, Pillai PC. Conservation through restoration of wild nutmeg tree populations of Western Ghats of Kerala. 2016.

Berjak P, Pammenter NW. From Avicennia to Zizania: seed recalcitrance in perspective. Annals of Botany. 2008;101(2),213-28.

https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm168

PMid:17704237 PMCid:PMC2711015

Roberts EH. Predicting the storage life of seeds. In Proceedings. 1973.

Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F, Côme D. Changes in malondialdehyde content and in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in sunflower seeds as related to deterioration during accelerated aging. Physiologia Plantarum. 1996;97(1):104-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00485.x

Smirnoff H. Antioxidant systems and plant response to the environment. Environment and Plant Metabolism. 1995.

Veselovsky VA, Veselova TV. Lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate hydrolysis, and Amadori-Maillard reaction at early stages of dry seed aging. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2012; 59(6):811-17.

https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443712030181

Bochicchio A, Vernieri P, Puliga S, Balducci F, Vazzana C. Desiccation tolerance in immature embryos of maize: sucrose, raffinose and ABA-sucrose relation. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Seeds: basic and applied aspects of seed biology, 1995, Reading, University of Reading. 1996;pp.1-12.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5716-2_2

Hoekstra FA, Haigh AM, Tetteroo FAA, Van Roekel T. Changes in soluble sugars in relation to desiccation tolerance in cauliflower seeds. Seed Science Research. 1994;4(2):143-47.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500002142

Ooms JJ, van der Veen R, Karssen CM. Abscisic acid and osmotic stress or slow drying independently induce desiccation tolerance in mutant seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum. 1994;92(3):506-10.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb08843.x

Jain A, Shivanna KR. Loss of viability during storage is associated with changes in membrane phospholipid. Phytochemistry. 1989;28(4):999-1002.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80171-2

International Seed Testing Association. International rules for seed testing.Rules 1985. Seed Science and Technology. 1985;13(2):299-513.

Bewley JD, Black M. Seeds: physiology of development and germination. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013.

Abdul Baki AA, Anderson JD. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria 1. Crop Science. 1973;13(6):630-33.

https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x

Vertucci CW, Leopold AC. Physiological activities associated with hydration level in seeds. In: AC Leopold, (Editor), Membranes, Metabolism and Dry Organisms. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY. 1986; pp 35-49.

Chandra J, Tandon M, Keshavkant S. Increased rate of drying reduces metabolic inequity and critical water content in radicles of Cicer arietinum L. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2015;21(2):215-23.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-015-0294-2

PMid:25931777 PMCid:PMC4411385

Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. 1959;37(8):911-17.

https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099

PMid:13671378

Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1968;125(1):189-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1

Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 1973;39(1):205-07.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060

Moore S, Stein WH. A modified ninhydrin reagent for the photometric determination of amino acids and related compounds. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1954;211(2):907-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)71178-2

Swain T, Hillis WE. The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I.-The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 1959;10(1):63-68.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740100110

Classics Lowry O, Rosebrough N, Farr A, Randall R. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265-75.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6

van Handel E. Direct microdetermination of sucrose. Analytical Biochemistry. 1968;22(2):280-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(68)90317-5

Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PT, Smith F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 1956;28(3):350-56. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017

Merheb CW, Cabral H, Gomes E, Da-Silva R. Partial characterization of protease from a thermophilic fungus, Thermoascus aurantiacus, and its hydrolytic activity on bovine casein. Food Chemistry. 2007;104(1):127-31.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.010

Lum MS, Hanafi MM, Rafii YM, Akmar ASN. Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. J Anim Plant Sci. 2014; 24(5):1487-93.

Aebi HE. Catalase. Methods of enzymatic analysis .Verlag Chemie Weinhein. 1983;pp. 673-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50032-3

Putter J. Peroxidases. In Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press. 1974;685-90.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50033-5

Kono Y. Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1978;186(1):189-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(78)90479-4

Nakano Y, Asada K. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology. 1981;22(5):867-80.

Haplin BE, Lee CY. Effect of blanching on enzyme activity and quality changes in green peas. J Food Sci. 1987;52:1002-05.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb14261.x

Daws MI, Garwood NC, Pritchard HW. Prediction of desiccation sensitivity in seeds of woody species: a probabilistic model based on two seed traits and 104 species. Annals of Botany. 2006;97(4):667-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl022

PMid:16464874 PMCid:PMC3291879

Berjak P, Pammenter NW, Vertucci C. Homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: developmental status, desiccation sensitivity and the state of water in axes of Landolphia kirkii Dyer. Planta. 1992;186(2):249-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196255

PMid:24186665

Tompsett PB. A review of the literature on storage of dipterocarp seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 1992; 20(2):251-67.

Chaitanya KK, Naithani SC. Role of superoxide, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase in membrane perturbation during loss of viability in seeds of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. New Phytologist. 1994;126(4),623-27.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02957.x

Anil Kumar C, Babu KP, Krishnan PN. Seed storage and viability of Myristica malabarica Lam. an endemic species of Southern Western Ghats (India). Seed Science and Technology. 2002; 30(3):651-57.

Paulino Filho HF. Ecologia química da família Myristicaceae. 1985.

Daws MI, Cleland H, Chmielarz P, Gorian F, Leprince O, Mullins CE, Pritchard HW. Variable desiccation tolerance in Acer pseudoplatanus seeds in relation to developmental conditions: a case of phenotypic recalcitrance?. Functional Plant Biology. 2006;33(1):59-66. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04206

PMid:32689214

Hamilton KN, Offord CA, Cuneo P, Deseo MA. A comparative study of seed morphology in relation to desiccation tolerance and other physiological responses in 71 Eastern Australian rainforest species. Plant Species Biology. 2013;28(1):51-62.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00353.x

Pritchard HW, Daws MI, Fletcher BJ, Gaméné CS, Msanga HP, Omondi W. Ecological correlates of seed desiccation tolerance in tropical African dryland trees. American Journal of Botany. 2004;91(6),863-70.

https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.6.863

PMid:21653442

Tompsett PB, Pritchard HW. Water status changes during development in relation to the germination and desiccation tolerance of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds. Annals of Botany. 1993;71(2):107-16. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1014

Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Mc Dearman WW. Seed germination ecophysiology of two Zigadenus (Liliaceae) species. Castanea. 1993;45-53.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(93)90051-W

Viji V, Nabeesa S. Influence of desiccation and associated metabolic changes during seed germination in Corypha umbraculifera Linn. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 2013;9(3).

Shaban M. Study on some aspects of seed viability and vigor. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2013;1(12):1692-97.

Pukacka S, Ratajczak E. Age-related biochemical changes during storage of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds. Seed Science Research. 2007;17(1),45-53.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258507629432

Roach T, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV, Colville L, Whitaker C, Chen H, Kranner I. Extracellular superoxide production, viability and redox poise in response to desiccation in recalcitrant Castanea sativa seeds. Plant, Cell & Environment. 2010;33(1):59-75.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02053.x

PMid:19843255

Berjak P, Pammenter NW. From Avicennia to Zizania: seed recalcitrance in perspective. Annals of Botany. 2008;101(2):213-28.

https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm168

PMid:17704237 PMCid:PMC2711015

Nuccio ML, Rhodes D, McNeil SD, Hanson AD. Metabolic engineering of plants for osmotic stress resistance. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 1999;2(2):128-34.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(99)80026-0

Chandrashekar KR. Effect of desiccation on viability and biochemical changes in Knema attenuata seeds. Journal of Forestry Research. 2012;23(4):703-06.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-012-0263-3

Chandra J, Keshavkant S. Desiccation-induced ROS accumulation and lipid catabolism in recalcitrant Madhuca latifolia seeds. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2018;24(1):75-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0487-y

PMid:29398840 PMCid:PMC5787118

Ntuli TM, Berjak P, Pammenter NW, Smith MT. Effects of temperature on the desiccation responses of seeds of Zizania palustris. Seed Science Research. 1997;7(2):145-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500003482

Parkhey S, Naithani SC, Keshavkant S. ROS production and lipid catabolism in desiccating Shorea robusta seeds during aging. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2012;57:261-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.008

PMid:22766395

Nkang A, Omokaro D, Egbe A, Amanke G. Variations in fatty acid proportions during desiccation of Telfairia occidentalis seeds harvested at physiological and agronomic maturity. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2003;2(2):33-39.

https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2003.000-1006

Baleroni CRS, Ferrarese MLL, Souza NE, Ferrarese-Filho O. Lipid accumulation during canola seed germination in response to cinnamic acid derivatives. Biologia Plantarum. 2000;43(2):313-16. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002789218415

Castillo EM, De Lumen BO, Reyes PS, De Lumen HZ. Raffinose synthase and galactinol synthase in developing seeds and leaves of legumes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1990;38(2):351-55.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a003

Cacela C, Hincha DK. Low amounts of sucrose are sufficient to depress the phase transition temperature of dry phosphatidylcholine, but not for lyoprotection of liposomes. Biophysical Journal. 2006;90(8):2831-42.

https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.074427

PMid:16443655 PMCid:PMC1414563

Farrant JM, Pammenter NW, Berjak P. Recalcitrance- a current assessment. Seed Science and Technology. 1988;16:155-66.

Chandel KPS, Chaudhury R, Radhamani J, Malik SK. Desiccation and freezing sensitivity in recalcitrant seeds of tea, cocoa and jackfruit, Ann Bot. 1995;76:443-50.

https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1995.1118

Harborne JB. Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol. 1. Plant Phenolics. Academic Press Ltd. 1989.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-461011-8.50007-X

Baskin JM, Baskin CC. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research. 2004;14(1):1-16.

https://doi.org/10.1079/SSR2003150

Keshavkant S, Padhan J, Parkhey S, Naithani SC. Physiological and antioxidant responses of germinating Cicer arietinum seeds to salt stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2012;59(2):206-11. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443712010116

Murthy UN, Kumar PP, Sun WQ. Mechanisms of seed ageing under different storage conditions for Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek: lipid peroxidation, sugar hydrolysis, Maillard reactions and their relationship to glass state transition. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2003;54(384):1057-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erg092

PMid:12598575

Byrd HW, Delouche JC. Deterioration of soybean seed in storage. In Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts. The Association of Official Seed Analysts. 1971 Jan;41-57.

Stewart RR, Bewley JD. Protein synthesis and phospholipids in soybean axes in response to imbibitional chilling. Plant Physiology. 1981;68(2):516-18.

https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.68.2.516

PMid:16661949 PMCid:PMC427523

Tan Wilson AL, Wilson KA. Mobilization of seed protein reserves. Physiologia Plantarum. 2012;145(1):140-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01535.x

PMid:22017287

Hare PD, Cress WA. Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 1997;21(2):79-102.

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005703923347

Foyer CH, Noctor G. Ascorbate and glutathione: the heart of the redox hub. Plant Physiology. 2011;155(1):2-18. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.167569

PMid:21205630 PMCid:PMC3075780

Kaur G, Asthir B. Proline: A key player in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Biol Plant. 2015;59:609-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-015-0549-3

Aggarwal M, Sharma S, Kaur N, Pathania D, Bhandhari K, Kaushal N, Kaur R, Singh K, Srivastava A, Nayyar H. Exogenous Proline Application Reduces Phytotoxic Effects of Selenium by Minimising Oxidative stress and Improves Growth in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011;140:354-67.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8699-9

PMid:20455031

Jin X, Liu D, Ma L, Gong Z, Cao D, Liu Y, Jiang C. Transcriptome and expression profiling analysis of recalcitrant tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seeds sensitive to dehydration. International Journal of Genomics. 2018.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5963797

PMid:29967765 PMCid:PMC6008840

Kibinza S, Bazin J, Bailly C, Farrant JM, Corbineau F, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H. Catalase is a key enzyme in seed recovery from ageing during priming. Plant Science. 2011;181(3):309-15.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.06.003

PMid:21763542

El-Maarouf H, Barny MA, Rona JP, Bouteau F. Harpin, a hypersensitive response elicitor from Erwinia amylovora, regulates ion channel activities in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. FEBS Letters. 2001;497(2-3):82-84.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02441-3

Sattler SE, Gilliland LU, Magallanes-Lundback M, Pollard M, DellaPenna D. Vitamin E is essential for seed longevity and for preventing lipid peroxidation during germination. The Plant Cell. 2004;16(6):1419-32.

https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.021360

PMid:15155886 PMCid:PMC490036

Grant JJ, Loake GJ. Role of reactive oxygen intermediates and cognate redox signaling in disease resistance. Plant Physiology. 2000;124(1):21-30.

https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.124.1.21

PMid:10982418 PMCid:PMC1539275

Neill S, Desikan R, Hancock J. Hydrogen peroxide signalling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2002;5(5):388-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00282-0

Mittler R. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 2002;7(9):405-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9

Published

22-10-2022

How to Cite

1.
Anusha S, Anilkumar C, Gangaprasad A. Desiccation induced physiological and biochemical changes of Gymnacranthera canarica (King.) Warb. seeds in the Myristica swamp forests, Southern Western Ghats, India. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2022 Oct. 22 [cited 2024 Nov. 4];9(4):1110-21. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/1887

Issue

Section

Research Articles