Integrated approach for managing groundnut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

B  Deepika; J Sheela; N  Indra; R  Kalaiyarasi; K N Navamaniraj

doi:10.14719/pst.3995

Authors

B Deepika Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6342-4436
J Sheela Department of Plant Pathology, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Vallanad 628 252, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-9990
N Indra Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-0030
R Kalaiyarasi Department of oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-1061
K N Navamaniraj Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-9990

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3995

Keywords:

Groundnut, integrated disease management, sclerotia, Sclerotium rolfsi, stem rot

Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), often referred to as the King of oil seeds, is a vital oil seed crop cultivated globally. However, its productivity is hampered by numerous abiotic and biotic stresses, with biotic stresses predominantly due to fungal and bacterial diseases. Among these, soil-borne fungal pathogens cause significant yield losses. Specifically, stem rot disease, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., poses a substantial threat, leading to yield losses of up to 80%. This pathogen forms sclerotia, a resilient resting structure that can survive in the soil for many years and germinate under favorable environmental conditions. The persistence of sclerotia and the pathogen's broad host range make managing this disease particularly challenging through a single method. Effective management of stem rot disease necessitates an integrated disease management (IDM) approach, which combines cultural, chemical, and biological strategies. Cultural practices such as crop rotation, deep ploughing, and moisture regulation help to reduce inoculum levels in the soil. Chemical control involves the use of fungicides to reduce the pathogen load in the soil and protect the plants during vulnerable growth stages. Biological control employs antagonistic microorganisms that can inhibit the growth and activity of S. rolfsii. By integrating these diverse strategies, it is possible to effectively manage stem rot disease in groundnut, thereby enhancing productivity and sustainability in groundnut cultivation.

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References

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