Harnessing nature’s treasure of bioactive compounds from ethnomedicinal Macromycos Lentinus squarrosulus Mont.

K Ganesh Saravanan; G Thiribhuvanamala; T Praveen; P Mahalakshmi; K Angappan; N Revathy; R Anandham; M  Jayakanthan

doi:10.14719/pst.5903

Authors

K Ganesh Saravanan Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9210-0569
G Thiribhuvanamala Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-5491
T Praveen Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-5356
P Mahalakshmi Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-8865
K Angappan Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-1277
N Revathy Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India
R Anandham Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3496-564X
M Jayakanthan Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-9343

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5903

Keywords:

bioactive compounds, GC-MS analysis, Lentinus squarrosulus, therapeutic agents

Abstract

Mushrooms are low-calorie foods with a high content of proteins, vitamins B and D, minerals, carbohydrates and fibers (1). Many researchers have shown that edible mushrooms contain numerous bioactive compounds with multiple health-promoting effects such as antiulcer, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory antitumor, anticholesterol, anti-inflammatory and antihaemorrhagic effects (2). There arises a pressing need to tap into the potential of medicinal mushrooms like L. squarrosulus which has ethnomedicinal values and are used in treating anaemia, ulcer, fever, cough, infertility and fungal infections, as well as to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases (3-5). Global multidrug resistance calls for a search for new potential lead compounds as therapeutic agents. Many macromycos still remain understudied as sources of bioactive compounds. Further investigation of bioactive components found in L. squarrosulus, will be informative regarding the biological activity of the organisms as medicinal agents. The ethanol extract of the ethnomedicinal macromycos L. Squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis for bioactive compounds among these thirteen compounds of hits were achieved with bioactive compounds in the ethnomedicinal macromycos. Of these compounds (2E)-Dodec-2-en-1-yl methyl ether (13.95%) formed the largest number while 1,2-15,16-Diepoxyhexadecane (9.03%) constituted the next high number of such compounds. Other amino acids, fatty acids, ethyl esters and other compounds identified included 2-Methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (2.12%), L-Alanine, N-L-alanyl- (0.94%), Benzofuran, 3-methyl- (1.63%), Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (3.75%) and 2'-Hydroxy-à-naphthoflavone (2.53%). Some of these compounds have antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiarthritic, anticoronary and immune suppression as well as cancer preventive activities. The present study has identified bioactive components with therapeutic potential in L. squarrosulus; it forms a basis for screening, isolating and identifying various bioactive compounds which may be valuable in treating a wide range of ailments, disorders and diseases soon.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Kuca K, Sharifi-Rad J, Verma R, Machado M, et al. Edible mushrooms’ enrichment in food and feed: A mini review. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 2022;57(3):1386–98. https://doi.org/epdf/10.1111/ijfs.15546

Ugbogu EA, Dike ED, Okoro BC, Adurosakin OE, Uche ME, Nosiri CI, et al. Lentinus squarrosulus: nutritional composition, phytochemistry, health-promoting activities and toxicity profile. Food and Humanity. 2024:100296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2024.100296

Lau BF, Abdullah N. Bioprospecting of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., an underutilized wild edible mushroom, as a potential source of functional ingredients: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017;61:116–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.017

Narh Mensah DL, Obodai M. Morphological characteristics of mycelia growth of two strains of indigenous medicinal mushroom, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. (Singer), on solid media. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2014;9(23):1753–60.

Ugbogu EA, Akubugwo EI, Ude VC, Emmanuel O, Okomba NO, Ibe C, et al. Safety evaluation of an aqueous extract of Termitomyces robustus (Agaricomycetes) in wistar rats. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2019;21(2). https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018029737

Wal P, Dwivedi J, Kushwaha S, Yadav A, Singh SP, Hanumanthachar KJ. A comprehensive review on nutritional and medicinal properties of Pleurotus ostreatus: an oyster mushroom. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 2023;19(4):386–98.

Niveiro N, Popoff OF, Albertó EO. Mycena holoporphyra (Mycenaceae, Agaricomycetes), primer registro para la Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie. 2011;49(2):252–6.

Khatua S, Ghosh S, Acharya K. Chemical composition and biological activities of methanol extract from Macrocybe lobayensis. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2017;7(10):144–51. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2017.71021

Altaf U, Lalotra P, Sharma YP. Nutritional and mineral composition of four wild edible mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India. Indian Phytopathology. 2020;73:313–20.

Thongbai B, Rapior S, Hyde KD, Wittstein K, Stadler M. Hericium erinaceus, an amazing medicinal mushroom. Mycological Progress. 2015;14:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11557-015-1105-4

Niego AG, Rapior S, Thongklang N, Raspé O, Jaidee W, Lumyong S, et al. Macrofungi as a nutraceutical source: Promising bioactive compounds and market value. Journal of Fungi. 2021;7(5):397. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050397

Abdelshafy AM, Belwal T, Liang Z, Wang L, Li D, Luo Z, et al. A comprehensive review on phenolic compounds from edible mushrooms: Occurrence, biological activity, application and future prospective. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022;62(22):6204–24 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1898335

Abdullah S, Abdullah N, Sabaratnam V, Yap KC. CUPRAC assay-guided profiling of antioxidant compounds in methanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. mycelium. Acta agriculturae Slovenica. 2018;111(1):101–9.

Adeoye-Isijola MO, Olajuyigbe OO, Jonathan SG, Coopoosamy RM. Bioactive compounds in ethanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont-a Nigerian medicinal macrofungus. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2018;15(2):42–50.

Azzollini A, Boggia L, Boccard J, Sgorbini B, Lecoultre N, Allard P-M, et al. Dynamics of metabolite induction in fungal co-cultures by metabolomics at both volatile and non-volatile levels. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018;9:72. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00072

Pandiyan R, Ilango K. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in different extracts of an endemic tree Huberantha senjiana (Annonaceae) leaves. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023;16(4):1581–6. http://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00258

Hembrom ME, Parihar A, Das K. Three interesting wood rotting macro-fungi from Jharkhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2016;8(2):8518–25.

Zaini NAM, Azizan NAZ, Abd Rahim MH, Jamaludin AA, Raposo A, Raseetha S, et al. A narrative action on the battle against hunger using mushroom, peanut and soybean-based wastes. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1175509

Muniyappan G, Gurudevan T, Thangaraj P, Balamurali AS, Iyadurai AP, Suppaiah R, et al. Benzothiazole - an antifungal compound derived from medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum against mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz and (Sacc.)). Molecules. 2023;28(6):2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062476

Gurudevan T, Seethapathy P. 285 Trametes versicolor. Edible and medicinalmushrooms of the Himalayas: CRC Press; 2024. p. 285–99.

Chin KY, Shuid AN, Ibrahim SF. Nutraceuticals modulation for oxidative stress in disease and health. Frontiers Media SA; 2023. p. 1199293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1199293

Ugbogu EA, Akubugwo IE, Ude VC, Gilbert J, Ekeanyanwu B. Toxicological evaluation of phytochemical characterized aqueous extract of wild dried Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) mushroom in rats. Toxicol Res. 2019;35:181–90. https://doi.org/10.5487/tr.2019.35.2.181

Mhd Omar NA, Abdullah S, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, Abdulla MA, Sabaratnam V. Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) mycelium enhanced antioxidant status in rat model. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2015:5957–64. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S90746

Das AK, Nanda PK, Dandapat P, Bandyopadhyay S, Gullón P, Sivaraman GK, et al. Edible mushrooms as functional ingredients for development of healthier and more sustainable muscle foods: A flexitarian approach. Molecules. 2021;26(9):2463.

Vega OM, Abkenari S, Tong Z, Tedman A, Huerta-Yepez S. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lung cancer: nutrition or pharmacology? Nutrition and Cancer. 2021;73(4):541–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1761408

Deckelbaum RJ, Torrejon C. The omega-3 fatty acid nutritional landscape: health benefits and sources. The Journal of Nutrition. 2012;142(3):587S–91S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.148080

Tavakkoli Kakhki M, Motavasselian M, Mosaddegh M, Esfahani MM, Kamalinejad M, Nematy M, et al. Omega-3 and omega-6 content of medicinal foods for depressed patients: implications from the Iranian traditional medicine. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2014;4(4):225.

Bischoff Ferrari HA, Vellas B, Rizzoli R, Kressig RW, Da Silva JAP, Blauth M, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, or a strength-training exercise program on clinical outcomes in older adults: the DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2020;324(18):1855–68.

Alves JL, Figueira ASC, Lopes IL, Mendes PJ, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Quinta Ferreira ME. Effect of oleic acid on neuronal zinc signals. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2021;12:3019–25.

Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain development, role in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041185

Zhang X, Ritonja JA, Zhou N, Chen BE, Li X. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2022;11(11):e025071. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.025071

Bogdanov VP, Semivrazhskaya OO, Belov NM, Troyanov SI, Markov VY, Ioffe IN, et al. Stepwise regioselective hydrogenation of cis-2-C60 (CF2) 2 Homofullerene with [6, 6]-open/closed valence tautomerism. Chemistry–A European Journal. 2016;22(43):15485–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201602351